Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty. It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity. However, studies show that of scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty, a disproportionately large number entered their field at an older age than is usual. Since by the age of forty the large majority of scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, the studies' finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have aged but rather that scientists over forty have generally spent too long in their field.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?


The first is a claim, the accuracy of which is at issue in the argument; the second is a conclusion drawn on the basis of that claim.

The first is an objection that has been raised against a position defended in the argument; the second is that position.

The first is evidence that has been used to support an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is that explanation.

The first is evidence that has been used to support an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is a competing explanation that the argument favors.

The first provides evidence to support an explanation that the argument favors; the second is that explanation.

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考题讲解

情景：科学家创造性工作都在40岁之前。普遍认为，年龄增长会导致创造力下降。然而，研究表明40岁后做出创造性工作的科学家，平均入行年龄偏高。因为到了40岁，多数科学家都已从事该领域15年以上了，研究结果显示40岁以上的科学家没创造力不是因为年龄大，而是因为他们从事该领域的时间太长。

推理：第一个黑体字是前提句，第二个黑体字是结论句。

选题方式：略

选项分析：

A选项： 第一个黑体字是一个声称，其准确性在论证中受到争议；第二个黑体字是是基于第一个黑体字得出的结论。第一个黑体字的准确性在推理文段中没有被质疑。

B选项：第一个黑体字是一个反驳了主结论所维护的立场的反驳；第二个黑体字是那个立场。第一个黑体字是前提，没有反驳任何句子。

C选项：第一个黑体字是支持了主结论所反对的解释的证据；第二个黑体字是那个立场。第一个黑体字是前提，直接支持了结论。

D选项：第一个黑体字是支持了主结论所反对的解释的证据；第二个黑体字是论证赞成的一个解释。第一个黑体字是前提，直接支持了结论。

E选项：Correct. 第一个黑体字提供了支持主结论赞成的解释的证据；第二个黑体字是那个解释。

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