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题库 / OG12-CR-76
Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.
The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that
problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur
employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors
problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy
chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates
some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors
rather than/other than
rather than：连词，而不是，有时可用instead of代替；Evans is a historian rather than a writer. 埃文斯与其说是个作家，不如说是个史学家。
other than：除了，相当于except，He has visited every country in Asia other than Japan. 除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲国家。；不同于，The truth is quite other than what you think. 事实真相和你们想的完全不一样。
chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates.首席行政官获取信息没有渠道除了他们的下属以外。
因果
因为坏消息会被下级层层美化给上级→上级最看不到问题所在
Assu，搭桥（取反最好啦）
A、问题在层级中应该被解决，无关
B、说实话的员工应该受褒奖，无关
C、对上级来说解决问题的能力更重要（比起下），无关
D、上级除了从下级那里获取消息别无他法，CORRECT（如果有的话，那么上级就有看到问题的机会）
E、比起报告的形式，下级更看重真相本身，无关
D、削弱他因干扰（CQ1）
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2呢？
因为员工不想自己管理层把负面形象和自己联系起来，一些在低层出现的问题被软化和柔和化，当这些问题一层层上升到更高的管理层的时候。因此chief executive对于在低层的负面消息更加无知，比起他的下属来说。
choice d, 除了从自己的下属，ce无从得知下层的问题
CQ2 无干扰因素