An experiment was done in which human subjects recognize a pattern within a matrix of abstract designs and then select another design that completes that pattern. The results of the experiment were surprising. The lowest expenditure of energy in neurons in the brain was found in those subjects who performed most successfully in the experiments.

Which of the following hypotheses best accounts for the findings of the experiment?


The neurons of the brain react less when a subject is trying to recognize patterns than when the subject is doing other kinds of reasoning.

Those who performed best in the experiment experienced more satisfaction when working with abstract patterns than did those who performed less well.

People who are better at abstract pattern recognition have more energy-efficient neural connections.

The energy expenditure of the subjects' brains increases when a design that completes the initially recognized pattern is determined.

The task of completing a given design is more capably performed by athletes, whose energy expenditure is lower when they are at rest.

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考题讲解

情景：一个人在抽象的模子上识别一个图案，然后选另一个图案填补那个图案的实验被做了。实验结果令人惊讶。在试验中表现得最成功的也是神经能量耗费最少的。

推理：本题是一个“现象解释型考题”。按照正常逻辑来说，即，结论应该为“在试验中表现得最成功的也是神经能量耗费最多的”。这道题目其实没有什么推理，更多的是一个常理，即，表现越好的人应该耗费能量越多。找到一个选项反驳这种常理即可。

选题方式：略

选项分析：

A选项：比起论证其他事情时，人在识别图案时脑神经反应得更少。本选项比较的是识别图像和其它推理，不能反驳在识别图像这种推理内部的情况。

B选项：实验中表现的最好的人得到的满足感大于那些表现不好的人。本选项讨论的是实验参与者的感受，不能反驳常理。

C选项：Correct. 对抽象图案识别得好的人，他们的神经连接更有效率。本选项可以反驳“表现越好的人应该耗费能量越多”，即，不是消耗多，而是效率高。

D选项：当填补最初图案的图案被决定时，脑神经能量消耗增加。本选项讨论的是在识别图像的哪个部分消耗能量最多。

E选项：填补图案的任务对于运动员来说更容易，他们在休息时能耗减少。本选项和“常理”无关.

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