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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-211
Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.
Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes
Whereas the tiny tubes for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in mammals in parallel lines, birds have tubes that
Unlike mammals, where the tiny tubes for conveying nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, birds' tubes
Unlike mammals, in whom the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, the tubes in birds
Unlike the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells, which in mammals are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes
题目分析：
在(A)(B)中具有平行制造者whereas；(C)(D)(E)具有比较词unlike，其连接的两者需要在逻辑上可比。
选项分析：
A选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
B选项：本选项在语法上没有问题。但在逻辑上有两处错误。
第一，whereas连接的两个句子在逻辑上并不具有对比关系，前半句为：“在哺乳动物中，血管是平行排列的”，后半句为：“鸟类也有血管”（birds have tubes）。后半句应该改为：“在鸟类中，血管是随机排列的”（the tubes form pattern）。
第二，介词短语 for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells应改为定语从句。这是因为，介词for身后是动名词短语，动名词是没有在语法上的逻辑主语的，例如，我们说，a bag for sleeping，这个词的意思是，睡袋。这完全不等同于a bag that sleeps（一个bag没法睡觉）。在本题语境下，tiny tubes必须是发出convey这个动作的施动者。
C选项：unlike连接两者比较对象不对等，不能用“哺乳动物”和“鸟类的血管”相比较；for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells错误同(B)。
D选项：本选项错误同(C)。
E选项：定语从句which in mammals are arrayed in parallel lines具有就近修饰原则，在语法上就近修饰bone cells，这在逻辑上是不对的，are arrayed in parallel lines的逻辑主语为the tiny tubes。
知识点：
1.动名词——充当主干，即，主语、宾语、表语，的；现在分词——充当修饰，即，定语和状语。（另外，介词身后肯定是动名词短语）
2.动名词在句中是没有“逻辑主语”的，而分词会有自己的逻辑主语
3.要想给动名词或者名词添加逻辑主语，唯一的方法就是用所有格的方式，如Jack’s killing of bears
Whereas是平行制造者；
B选项错误，1是whereas连接的两个句子在逻辑上不对等，前半句“血管在哺乳动物中是平行排列的”，后半句“鸟类有血管”。后半句应该为“血管在鸟类中是平行排列的”。2是介词短语for。。。，介词短语的主要作用是在句子中作状语，因为for后跟的动名词短语，动名词的特性是在句中没有逻辑主语，所以tiny tubes必须是发出convey这个动作的施动者；
CD选项unlike比较对象不对等
E选项which引导的非限定从句，就近修饰bone cells，应是the tiny tubes平行排列
在(A)(B)中具有平行制造者whereas；(C)(D)(E)具有比较词unlike，其连接的两者需要在逻辑上可比。
E的问题在于 比较的是所有tiny tubes和in birds the tubes
Unlike smog, which in Mexico City is often dense enough to hospitalize or even kill asthmatic children, humidity is not inherently dangerous.
--> This sentence is a comparison between ALL smog (not just the smog in Mexico City) and humidity.
The real issue with choice E is that it creates a comparison between all tubes (not just the ones in mammals!) and "the tubes in birds".
The issue with choice E is that it's structured the same way, mistakenly suggesting a reference to all such tubes in the first part of the sentence.
Unlike the smog in Mexico City, which is often dense enough to hospitalize or even kill asthmatic children, the air pollution in Houston has never threatened human life.
--> Now it's just "Mexico City smog vs. Houston air pollution".
老师直播时候说 which 引导定从不是位置相对灵活么？ 没有that 引导的定从位置要求严格
简单题
考察：
which修饰临近词；比较对象对等平行；whereas，unlike 都是比较的标志词；做这道题时下意识看到whereas就排除了，觉得unlike才对，这个想法是错误的。
前：whereas，unlike都是可以的，表达对比，无法排除任何一个；
中后：错选e也是因为没有看出e中which修饰的逻辑词语错误，which应该修饰tiny tubes，忽视了which；从而ae，e排除，a对
BCD三者不平行，直接排除
A选项：平行与修饰均✅
E选项：which修饰不正确 which应该指代tiny tubes，但这里就近指代了bone cells
whereas连接的两个句子在逻辑上并不具有对比关系
一定要对句子主干成分的变化敏感！
B：介词短语做定语和定语从句是有区别的；血管不能和鸟有比
C：where一定要修饰地点名词
D：whom一般只能修饰人，哺乳动物不能和血管比较
E：Unlike的一个特性：会表达出A的一个具体属性和B的一个具体属性进行对比，从此选项的字面意思来说，前者有两个定语修饰，不知道要拿出来哪个属性和后者进行对比
动名词是没有在语法上的逻辑主语的
The issue with choice E is that it's structured the same way, mistakenly suggesting a reference to all such tubes in the first part of the sentence.
Unlike the smog in Mexico City, which is often dense enough to hospitalize or even kill asthmatic children, the air pollution in Houston has never threatened human life.
--> Now it's just "Mexico City smog vs. Houston air pollution".
Unlike smog, which in Mexico City is often dense enough to hospitalize or even kill asthmatic children, humidity is not inherently dangerous.
--> This sentence is a comparison between ALL smog (not just the smog in Mexico City) and humidity.
The real issue with choice E is that it creates a comparison between all tubes (not just the ones in mammals!) and "the tubes in birds".
第二，介词短语 for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells应改为定语从句。这是因为，介词for身后是动名词短语，动名词是没有在语法上的逻辑主语的，例如，我们说，a bag for sleeping，这个词的意思是，睡袋。这完全不等同于a bag that sleeps（一个bag没法睡觉）。在本题语境下，tiny tubes必须是发出convey这个动作的施动者。
whereas用来平行，这样做题就有路子了
没注意到：介词短语 for the conveying of nutrients to bone cells应改为定语从句。这是因为，介词for身后是动名词短语，动名词是没有在语法上的逻辑主语的，例如，我们说，a bag for sleeping，这个词的意思是，睡袋。这完全不等同于a bag that sleeps（一个bag没法睡觉）。在本题语境下，tiny tubes必须是发出convey这个动作的施动者。
老师请问一下whereas要求平行结构吗？为什么OG2015-SC-130whereas两边没有平行呢？
这道题没有想到动名词没有逻辑主语的问题，但是从名词与从句的区别判断，名词有时间终止点，运送营养物质是一种性质，没有时间终止点，应该用从句。
这样判断对吗?
不对吧，名词有时间终止点，这个题是东明词，东明词没有实践中指点
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