Neuroscientist: Memory evolved to help animals react appropriately to situations they encounter by drawing on the past experience of similar situations. But this does not require that animals perfectly recall every detail of all their experiences. Instead, to function well, memory should generalize from past experiences that are similar to the current one.
The neuroscientist's statements, if true, most strongly support which of the following conclusions?
At least some animals perfectly recall every detail of at least some past experiences.
Perfectly recalling every detail of all their past experiences could help at least some animals react more appropriately than they otherwise would to new situations they encounter.
Generalizing from past experiences requires clear memories of most if not all the details of those experiences.
Recalling every detail of all past experiences would be incompatible with any ability to generalize from those experiences.
Animals can often react more appropriately than they otherwise would to situations they encounter if they draw on generalizations from past experiences of similar situations.
情景:记忆可以通过寻找过去相应的经历来帮助动物们在遭遇新的情况时正确反应。但是,这并不需要动物们回忆出所有的细节,而是总结出过去所有相似的经历。
推理:由于推理文段中没有结论且问题是让考生们自己找出结论,所以本题为演绎推理。
选项分析:
A选项:至少有一些动物可以完美的回忆起至少某些过去经历中的每一个细节。推理文段中没有提到过是否有动物可以回忆出每个细节(只是提过没有必要回忆出每个细节)。
B选项:完美回忆出每个细节可以至少帮助某些动物在遇到新情况时反应的更为合适。推理文段中其实说过并不要求动物能回忆出完整的细节。
C选项:从过去的经历中做概括要求大部分清晰的记忆(如果所有的细节信息没有记全的话)。本选项在文中并没有被提到过。
D选项:回忆出所有过去经历的每一个细节将会和从这些经历中概括的能力相矛盾。推理文段中没有提到过回忆细节和概括能力之间的关系。
E选项:Correct. 如果动物们从过去相似的情景下做出了概括,那么对新情景它们经常会处理的更加合适。推理文段的第一句就说明了概括过去的经历(generalize from past experiences)和做出合适的反应之间的关系。
题目:相似经历,不需要完美回想起所有细节,动物能恰当应付
ABD提到了”需要完美回想起所有细节“,排除
C只讲了一半,连动物会怎么样都没有提到。
draw on: If you draw on or draw upon something such as your skill or experience, you make use of it in order to do something.
memory should generalize from past experiences, 记忆从过去的经历里归纳总结
generalize from,从……里概括,总结
Animals can often react more appropriately than they otherwise would to situations they encounter if they draw on generalizations from past experiences of similar situations.
类似于将than引导的被比较对象前移了。被比较部分的省略依然遵循前句有后句才可以省略的原则
Recalling every detail of all past experiences would be incompatible with any ability to generalize from those experiences. the ability to do sth,走某事的能力。to do作定语修饰ability
动物并不需要回忆出每一个细节,而是从过去的经验中提取和当下类似的场景,来应对目前遇到的情况。问support
choice e, 动物们可以更合适得应对场景,如果用了从过去经验概括的方法。correct
这个题表面问的是结论,本质是需要找一个增强原文statement的句子(即补足推理gap),原文最后一句To function well…表目的statement句子中,有个gap是:function well 和 generalize 之间的逻辑关系,选项E正好补足了这二者的关系。
那结论必然是推理文段的子集
这里的than they otehrwise would 是不是有把generalization和其它方法进行比较的意思?这个原文里明显推不出呀???
E这里的than they otehrwise would 是不是有把generalization和其它方法进行比较的意思?这个原文里明显推不出呀。
一定要有情景。
演绎题:选项为子集
Reasoning: animals react to a situation by recalling similar memories. There is no need to recall all the details of those memories.
C选项:if animals can get generation of previous similar experience, then no need to get details of that memory; the passage does not mention the amount of the memory
D选项:no mention
演绎推理类型:选项为子集
E 这个to situation连的是react 遇到比较级就很懵逼啊。
B 原文说的是相似情境才能让动物合理反映,能够完美回忆没有相似情境的话也不能保证能够合理反映orz
我以为最后一个选项是废话...所以直接跳过...
演绎推理:推理文段没有结论,要自己要出结论或者推理出正确的句子,选择答案时不能加入人何人外部的思想和假设,推理文段必须“包含”选项的内容
不是虚拟语气,看错了,哎阅读不过关。。。
怎么感觉最后的E是个虚拟语气的梗,应该是概括比不概括回忆好,但是句子貌似不是这样讲的?
演绎推理:不能加入任何外部思想和假设;推理文段(中的某一个句子)必须“包含”选项。
之前的理解有误,以为只要能通过推理文段中的任意句子推出结论就好了,像是因果推理那样子。
如果在不加入外部信息的情况下,要保证推出的结论百分百正确的话,那结论必然是推理文段的子集。所以推理文段和正确选项的关系应该是类似全集和子集那样子的。
厉害了团子同学
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