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题库 / OG2016-CR-105
Since it has become known that several of a bank's top executives have been buying shares in their own bank, the bank's depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending financial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank's financial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic, however, since corporate executives have been known to buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the company's health.
In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
The first describes evidence that has been taken as supporting a conclusion; the second gives a reason for questioning that support.
The first describes evidence that has been taken as supporting a conclusion; the second states a contrary conclusion that is the main conclusion of the argument.
The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that conclusion.
The first describes the circumstance that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives the explanation that the argument seeks to establish.
The first describes the circumstance that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second provides evidence in support of the explanation that the argument seeks to establish.
情景：由于听说了银行的几个高管购买了本银行的股票，银行的储户，本来为银行即将崩溃的谣言所担心的，现在也轻松多了。储户说，因为银行高管也购买了本银行的股票，所以那些谣言肯定是假的。然而，这种说法可能过于乐观了，因为高管公开购买了本银行股票就是想驱散谣言。
推理：第一个黑体字是一个既定的现象，是一个前提。第二个黑体字是整个推理文段的立场但不是结论，结论是“可能过于乐观了，”）。
选题方式：略
选项分析：
A选项： Correct. 第一个黑体字是用来支持一个结论的证据；第二个黑体字给出了用来质疑那个支持的原因。
B选项：第一个黑体字是用来支持一个结论的证据；第二个黑体字声明了一个相反的主结论。第二个黑体字和第一个黑体字不是相反的，而是给出了第一个黑体字的一种解读。
C选项：第一个黑体字提供了支持主结论的证据；第二个黑体字是主结论。第二个黑体字并不是主结论。
D选项：第一个黑体字描述了一个论证整体寻找解释的情况；第二个黑体字给出了这个解释。第二个黑体字并不是直接给出的解释，而只是解释了一下为什么这种考虑可能过于乐观了。
E选项：第一个黑体字描述了一个论证整体寻找解释的情况；第二个黑体字提供了支持这个解释的证据。第二个黑体字并没有给出任何证据。
Since it has become known that several of a bank’s top executives have been buying shares in their own bank （evidence 1）, the bank’s depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending fi nancial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank’s fi nancial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. (conclusion 1) Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic(conclusion 2), however, since corporate executives have been known to buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the company’s health （evidence 2）.
在读题的时候就分清楚哪些是evidence，哪些是conclusion. 这样就容易理清每句话之间的关系了。 conclusion 1是从evidence 1得出来的。 conclusion 2在质疑conclusion 1. evidence 2 给出了质疑的理由。
Since it has become known that several of a bank’s top executives have been buying shares in their own bank （evidence 1）, the bank’s depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending fi nancial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank’s fi nancial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. (conclusion 1) Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic(conclusion 2), however, since corporate executives have been known to buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the company’s health （evidence 2）.
在读题的时候就分清楚哪些是evidence，哪些是conclusion. 这样就容易理清每句话之间的关系了。 conclusion 1是从evidence 1得出来的。 conclusion 2在质疑conclusion 1. evidence 2 给出了质疑的理由。
由于听说了银行的几个高管购买了本银行的股票，银行的储户，本来为银行即将崩溃的谣言所担心的，现在也轻松多了。储户说，因为银行高管也购买了本银行的股票，所以那些谣言肯定是假的。然而，【这种说法可能过于乐观了】，因为高管公开购买了本银行股票就是想驱散谣言。
整个argument要explain的是为什么储户的reasoning是错的，而不是为什么高管买公司的股份。
作者并不想去解释这个现象，只是去反驳了depositor的结论，得出“overoptimistic”的结论
结论是“过于乐观了”(针对depositor)，并不能解释bank executives的行动。
A选项： Correct. 第一个黑体字是用来支持一个结论的证据；第二个黑体字给出了用来质疑那个支持的原因。
D选项：第一个黑体字描述了一个论证整体寻找解释的情况；第二个黑体字给出了这个解释。第二个黑体字并不是直接给出的解释，而只是解释了一下为什么这种考虑可能过于乐观了。
第一句since引导的是一个从句，真正的circumstance是储户relived。排除DE
主观点在however旁：民众过分乐观。因此第二句是主结论的原因。
作者关心的不是这些executives买自家股票的真正原因，事实上也不一定是作者提出的原因，仍有可能是depositors所认为的原因。
作者只是认为depositors过于乐观(这才是main conclusion)，得出结论过于草率，因为仍有另外一种解释(bf2)，但事实上作者不知道、也不关心到底是哪种解释是正确的。
所以BF1不是argument seeks to explain的东西，BF2也不是说作者就认为这些executives买股票的真正原因就是因为这个，只是提出一种合理的质疑。
A. BF1是depositors用来支持他们的conclusion的evidence，BF2只是作者在质疑这个"support"本身的合理性
第一个一看到evidence就秒排，错了
BF1和BF2 oppose , D 里是for ，错了
Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic,表明是对原来结论的推测和质疑，而不是一个新的结论。
boldface1支持rumors false，boldface2支持overoptimistic，即质疑boldface1
1. 整个argument要explain的是为什么储户的reasoning是错的，而不是为什么高管买公司的股份。
2. 注意the explanation that 与the explanation for的区别，D选项的第二句是说文章的主要结论就是这个解释，而不是说这是文章主要结论“的”解释。
第二个黑体字并没有给出任何证据。
Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic,表明是对原来结论的推测和质疑，而不是一个新的结论。
Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic,表明是对原来结论的推测和质疑，而不是一个新的结论。
DE,BF1:作者的目的不是explain（找原因）这个事实，而是反驳的depositors根据这个事实得出的结论。
两个黑体是对立的，所以de错误了，然后第二个黑体不是结论，所以BC错误
Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic, however,
只是说第一个结论可能是错的，接着给出理由，为什么可能是错的。所以不能说the second gives the explanation that the argument seeks to establish.，不是establish an explanation，是questioning that support。
对于A的后半句，OG解释为BF2不能称之为explanation，just作者的推测
因此tricky的地方在于，since后的BF2没有加might等语气词，看起来像事实一样，但其实BF2说的是总体上的corporate executives买股票为了驱逐流言，而不是这个银行的管理者，因此是一种推测的质疑。
中间的conclusion：They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank's financial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false.
The first describes evidence that has been taken as supporting a conclusion; the second gives a reason for questioning that support.
DE: 作者并不想去解释这个现象，只是去反驳了depositor的结论，得出“overoptimistic”的结论
结论是“过于乐观了”(针对depositor)，并不能解释bank executives的行动。
结论是“可能过于乐观了”
since后的文字，总是支持结论的，而一段文字可能有多个结论，这种情况，一般是两种结论相互矛盾，作者支持的为main conclusion
①只是提出了质疑，并没有建立另一个新观点。
②circumstance 环境 情况 状况
③推理：第一个黑体字是一个既定的现象，是一个前提。第二个黑体字是整个推理文段的立场但不是结论，结论是“可能过于乐观了，”）。