In 1979 lack of rain reduced India's rice production to about 41 million tons, nearly 25 percent less than those of the 1978 harvest.
less than those of the 1978 harvest
less than the 1978 harvest
less than 1978
fewer than 1978
fewer than that of India's 1978 harvest
产量 production 是不可数的, 41 million tons中的tons是计量单位,不是复数名词
比较对象为rice production,为不可数。所以排除D、E
A,those无指代
C,比较对象错误
B correct
1.比较对象:production in 1979 less than 1978 harvest
注意比较对象不是41 millions of tons【其中tons是计量单位unit nouns,不是复数名词】,而是rice production,所以是不可数对象比较;those of 在此处没有指代对象,排除
C选项:直接把1978和rice production相比较,错误
错选A,these 没有指代对象
(A) those 不可以能去指代 41 million tons, 否则后面就变成了 41 million tons of the 1978 harvest
(C) 比较的内容是 rice production in 1979 vs rice production IN 1978, 而不是1978 per se
作为 制造、生产;产量 是不可数 作为 推出的作品(尤指戏剧、影片等) 是可数;harvest:收获,产量 the quantity of a natural product gathered in a single season
the salmon harvest
In B, we are correctly comparing the production in 1979 to the harvest in 1978. If we go with gmatfighter12's proposed phrasing, "less than that of," we have to ask what "that" stands for.
We only want to use "that of" or "those of" if we are comparing something *belonging* to something else:
The design of the new tablet is similar to that of its predecessor. (The design of one is similar to the design of the other.)
Jack wanted clothes similar to those of his friends. (He wants his clothes to be similar to his friends' clothes.)
In the above examples, it would be a big problem to get rid of the relative pronoun:
1.41 million tons中的tons是计量单位,不是复数名词。产量是单数,所以不能用those。
2.比较对象不是年份(1978),而应该是收成。
产量是单数,所以不能用those。A排———production不可数用less,DE排——剩下BC选项,明确比较的内容为收成,而非年份,选B
表达总的产量,要考虑less,
production=harvest能对上了
A选项换成less than the production of 1978 harvest呢?
production和harvest重复了
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India's rice production和harvest是对应的
those 是个代词,在平行结构中,不是所有的平行部分都用“that of ”来表达就是最对的,如果that or those找不到指代对象的话也是不能乱用的。
India's rice production和harvest是对应的
比较对象是rice production 不可数
A选项: those换成that,比较的是harvest不可数;
CD选项:比较对象有问题;
E选项:fewer than 有问题,因为比较的是不可数名词harvest, 所以应该换成less than; that of India's 1978 harvest,中,that已经指代harvest, 再加上harvest语义上重复,和冗杂;
production和收成比
reduced India's rice production
跟主句宾语做比较,所以不需要将主句动词还原