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题库 / OG2017V-RC-101
Micro-wear patterns found on the teeth of longextinct specimens of the primate species australopithecine may provide evidence about their diets. For example, on the basis of tooth micro-wear patterns, Walker dismisses Jolly's hypothesis that australopithecines ate hard seeds. He also disputes Szalay's suggestion that the heavy enamel of australopithecine teeth is an adaptation to bone crunching, since both seed cracking and bone crunching produce distinctive micro-wear characteristics on teeth. His conclusion that australopithecines were frugivores (fruit eaters) is based upon his observation that the tooth microwear characteristics of east African australopithecine specimens are indistinguishable from those of chimpanzees and orangutans, which are commonly assumed to be frugivorous primates.
However, research on the diets of contemporary primates suggests that micro-wear studies may have limited utility in determining the foods that are actually eaten. For example, insect eating, which can cause distinct micro-wear patterns, would not cause much tooth abrasion in modern baboons, who eat only soft-bodied insects rather than hard-bodied insects. In addition, the diets of current omnivorous primates vary considerably depending on the environments that different groups within a primate species inhabit; if australopithecines were omnivores too, we might expect to find considerable population variation in their tooth micro-wear patterns. Thus, Walker's description of possible australopithecine diets may need to be expanded to include a much more diverse diet.
The passage suggests that which of the following would be true of studies of tooth micro-wear patterns conducted on modern baboons?
They would inaccurately suggest that some baboons eat more softbodied than hard-bodied insects.
They would suggest that insects constitute the largest part of some baboons' diets.
They would reveal that there are no significant differences in tooth micro-wear patterns among baboon populations.
They would inadequately reflect the extent to which some baboons consume certain types of insects.
They would indicate that baboons in certain regions eat only softbodied insects, whereas baboons in other regions eat hard-bodied insects.
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正确答案是 A。由文章可知，现代狒狒食物组成中软虫比硬壳虫占比大，因此微磨损研究仅能反映一部分信息，不能准确地说明狒狒吃软虫这方面比硬壳虫多。因此，A 选项正确表述了上述观点，故 A 为正确答案。
本来是可以反映的，但是因为现在的b吃的虫子很软，就反映不粗来他们到底吃了多少软虫子了...ps:这个题应该选有负向态度的选项，比如inadequately，inaccurately...
C. 会揭露baboon的 tooth pattern没有什么特别的不同 - 这个是强干扰选项。它扩大了limitation的范围。无法区分的仅限于虫子（可能也会有其他的食物种类但是文章中没提），而其他的食物完全可能导致baboon的tooth pattern不同于彼此。
现在应该算是想明白了，我错选C的原因是因为文章里有这样一段信息For example, insect eating, which can cause distinct micro-wear patterns, would not cause much tooth abrasion in modern baboons, who eat only soft-bodied insects rather than hard-bodied insects. 我就总以为文章的意思是baboon除了吃虫子就不吃其他的东西，然后脑补成因为吃软虫子不会造成牙齿磨损，所以所有的baboon牙齿磨损图案都差不多。其实文章的意思是baboon在硬虫子和软虫子中吃软虫子，但并没有说baboon不吃其他食物，也没有任何涉及变化的信息。而因为吃软虫子不会造成牙齿磨损
这题有点。。难
C. 会揭露baboon的 tooth pattern没有什么特别的不同 - 这个是强干扰选项。它扩大了limitation的范围。无法区分的仅限于虫子（可能也会有其他的食物种类但是文章中没提），而其他的食物完全可能导致baboon的tooth pattern不同于彼此。
D. 正确选项，完全对应文中的意思把食物种类限定在虫子。
However, research on the diets of contemporary primates suggests that micro-wear studies may have limited utility in determining the foods that are actually eaten.
insect eating, which can cause distinct micro-wear patterns, would not cause much tooth abrasion in modern baboons, who eat only soft-bodied insects rather than hard-bodied insects.
这个题想了一会儿，选了D，排除法。但是仔细想想，原文就只有一句话提到了baboons，来例证W的观点不对。这句话要好好读，理解： insect eating would not cause much tooth abrasion in modern baboons. 句子的修饰中提到了soft-bodied 和 hard -bodied insects，那么就是D了。
A. 会不精确地反映baboon吃的软体虫比硬体虫多 - 显然错误，因为反应不出来。
B. 会反映虫子是baboon食谱组成的重要部分 - 看不出来的，错误。
C. 会揭露baboon的 tooth pattern没有什么特别的不同 - 这个是强干扰选项。它扩大了limitation的范围。无法区分的仅限于虫子（可能也会有其他的食物种类但是文章中没提），而其他的食物完全可能导致baboon的tooth pattern不同于彼此。
D. 正确选项，完全对应文中的意思把食物种类限定在虫子。
E. 会揭示baboon在不同地区吃不同的虫子 - 错误，看不出来的。
与问题相关的部分是“第二段前两句。意思是说第一段中提到的通过“tooth pattern”来判断研究对象diet的方法是有局限的。比方说，如果对于baboon来说，soft-insect和hard-insect都不会导致"tooth-abrasion"也就是说，某些情况下我们无法通过研究“tooth wear pattern”来判断研究对象到底吃哪种食物（虫子），这就是所谓的limitation.
回到问题，如果研究baboon的tooth pattern的话，以下哪些是正确的 - 期待看到的答案是“无法判断吃哪种虫子”
E选项混合了两个观点，而the passage states that baboons eat only soft-bodied insects