Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.


ranks as the nation's third leading cause of death, surpassed only

rank as the nation's third leading cause of death, only surpassed

has the rank of the nation's third leading cause of death, only surpassed

are the nation's third leading causes of death, surpassed only

have been ranked as the nation's third leading causes of death, only surpassed

考题讲解

题目分析:
在语法上,句末出现的surpassed by heart disease and cancer是一个过去分词短语,做主句ranks的伴随状语,surpassed的逻辑主语和ranks的主语相同,均为Diabetes。原句本身并不长,难点主要在于真正的谓语动词长得很像是名词(ranks),而过去分词(surpassed)长的又很像动词,容易让初学者一时搞混,找不准句子的主干。

选项分析:

A选项:Correct.本选项的only修饰部分的语意为:所有超过糖尿病的病都是心脏病和癌症(关于only句的翻译方法)。surpassed表示被动,正常的句子为:Only heart disease and cancer surpass diabetes. 

B选项:diabetes是单数,身后的谓语动词rank应该也用单数。only修饰对象有误,本选项only修饰的句子是:Heart disease and cancer only surpass diabetes,可以翻译为:所有糖尿病和心脏病与癌症之间的关系都是超过。文中写到:糖尿病排名第三。因此,显然是“所有超过糖尿病的病只有心脏病和癌症”才能符合题设中的推理背景。

C选项:only修饰对象错误同(B);另外,在本选项的主干部分,我们只能说:“糖尿病排名第三”,而不能说:“糖尿病有一个排名(Diabetes has the rank)”,即,糖尿病不能拥有排名。

D选项:
主谓一致错误同(B)。

E选项:
主谓一致错误同(B);only修饰对象错误同(B)。

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