In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously.


psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,

psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and

psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size,

psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size,

psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,

考题讲解

题目分析:
时态上看,在(A)(C)(E)选项中fail用了完成时;(B)选项其用了一般过去时;(D)选项中其用了一般现在时。从fail小句和take(未划线)小句的关系上看,(A)(C)(D)(E)用了since关系;(B)用了and关系。

选项分析:

A选项:由于declaring是现在分词,不是谓语动词,因此本选项缺少谓语动词,是错误的句子(一个正确的英语句子,必须有谓语部分)。

B选项:declaring错误同(A);本选项用了时态的方式来体现平行这个考点:大部分研究应该是“先”没有控制某些变量,然后我们才能说,这些研究不能被重视,因此,fail的时态应该先于take的时态,即had。

C选项:本选项在declare的宾语从句内部具有语法错误,since是连词,必须连接两个句子,因此having failed(这是非谓语动词,不是一个句子)应该改为had failed。

D选项:
fail时态错误同(B);在习语上,such like不能用于举例。我们可以用such as表示举例,也可以用like表示举例(注意,此处是很多考生的误区,GMAT考试并不是不允许用like表示举例,like可以表示“像”(OG中有原题是用like表示举例的),也可以表示“举例”。)

E选项:
Correct.本选项在语法上和逻辑上均正确。很多同学可能会注意到本选项中用了fail to do而没有用fail in doing,实际上,fail to do和in doing都是正确的表达方式,但是两者的意思不同,例如:
(1) James failed to move boxes.
(2) James failed in moving boxes. 
句(1)的意思是詹姆斯没能移动箱子,这个箱子可能之后也不会动了;句(2)的意思是詹姆斯在移动箱子这个方面是失败的,不代表他没有移动箱子,很可能的是,他确实移动了箱子,但是也许效率很低,费了好大的力气等等。本题中,显然地,语意上是大部分研究“没有”控制变量,而不是在控制变量这个方面“失败”。因此应该fail to do而不是fail in doing。

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