The Life and Casualty Company hopes that by increasing its environmental fund reserves to $1.2 billion, that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has to use its profits and capital to pay those claims bit by bit, year by year.


that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has

enough has been set aside with which environmental claims can be paid and it will have no longer

it has set aside enough for payment of environmental claims and thus no longer having

enough has been set aside to pay for environmental claims, thus no longer having

it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and will no longer have

考题讲解

题目分析:
本题总体来说难度不大,但这主要是因为有些选项可以通过较为简单的语法知识排除。实际上这道题目还是有挺多考点需要大家掌握的。整个的划线部分应该是hopes的宾语从句里的主句。值得注意的是,大家常见enough作为形容词或者副词的形式出现,但它也有名词的词性,在本题中,其就做名词,是set aside的宾语。

选项分析:

A选项:  hopes身后已经有了引导词that,所以从by increasing its environmental fund reserves开始,应该是一个完整的句子(宾语从句必须是一个完整的句子)。但是,本选项中多了一个that,其使得在hopes整个的宾语从句中缺少主句,语法上是不正确。

B选项:  不同于很多同学的想法,enough确实有名词用法(意为:充分、足够、满足),可以充当has been set aside的逻辑主语(已经用了被动语态了,意为:足够的东西被放置在一旁)。同样的,本选项中and两端的两个句子也是平行的,参考功能平行。由于enough has been set aside with which environmental claims can be paid(with which引导的是定语从句,修饰enough)是被动语态,所以这半句中没有给出任何关于the Life and Casualty Company的信息,即,其可以近似写为:
某物或某公司 has set aside enough with which environmental claims can be paid(例如:我们可以把“蛋糕被吃了”理解为“某人或某物吃了蛋糕”)
在逻辑上,这半句在语境中不能成立。因为,语境中已经明确,是The Life and Casualty Company希望的一件事,所以肯定是“这个公司”放置了足够的钱,而不能是“某个公司”放置了足够的钱。请注意,本选项不能用by increasing its environmental fund reserves to $1.2 billion这个方式状语逻辑主语来排除,因为,by是介词,其身后的increasing its environmental fund reserves to $1.2 billion是一个动名词短语,动名词,顾名思义,已经是名词了,没有句法上的逻辑主语(分词才会有逻辑主语)。

C选项:虽然and可以连接功能平行的两者,但是本选项中and身后的thus no longer having to use its profits依然没有平行对象。另外,for payment of environmental claims应该改为to pay for environmental claims。这点考查了“不定式和名词的区别”。用之于本题,主句“留下足够的钱”这个事件发生时,“支付环保声明”这件事显然是处于“将要发生”这一状态中的,即,“留钱”对“支付环保成本”有直接的影响,因此,应该用不定式短语。

D选项:被动语态错误同(B);thus no longer having to use its profits是伴随状语,have在语法上的主语应该是其最近的句子的主语,即,enough。但是显然地,have的逻辑主语应该是The Life and Casualty Company(it)。

E选项: Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。

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