Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
Within the earth's core, which is iron, pressure increases with depth. Because the temperature at which iron melts increases with pressure, the inner core is solid and the outer core is molten. Physicists can determine the melting temperature of iron at any given pressure and the pressure for any given depth in the earth. Therefore, the actual temperature at the boundary of the earth's outer and inner cores—the melting temperature of iron there—can be determined, since __________.
the depth beneath the earth's surface of the boundary between the outer and inner cores is known
some of the heat from the earth's core flows to the surface of the earth
pressures within the earth's outer core are much greater than pressures above the outer core
nowhere in the earth's core can the temperature be measured directly
the temperatures within the earth's inner core are higher than in the outer core
為什麼外地核是液態而內地核是固態? 不是越深溫度就越高嗎?為什麼外地核融了內地核還不融?
影響熔、沸點的因素有兩個:壓力(pressure)、溫度(temperature)
壓力愈高,熔點愈高;溫度愈高,分子運動加快.
這兩個因素在地球內部隨著深度改變而變化,在不同深度造成不同影響.
依照這兩個因素的影響來區分,地球內部可略分為五圈:
岩石圈(0-100or200km):壓力影響大於溫度影響=剛性脆弱
軟流圈(200-350km):溫度影響大於壓力影響=可塑性
中層圈(350-2900km):壓力影響大於溫度影響=剛性
外核(2900-5100km):溫度影響大於壓力影響=流體
內核(5100-6371km):壓力影響大於溫度影響=固體
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