Careful, vp101. The problem with B can't be "given reason," since that is used in A, too!

The issue is with "would," but this is a little tricky. For simpler clauses, it's easy: we don't use both "if" and "would" to mark the same hypothetical event. Rather, when using "if," we follow up with "would" to show the consequence:

If my car were stolen, I would be upset.

However, if our hypothetical/conditional has more than one action in it (as in the original Q), "would" may be appropriate:

If I thought that you would believe me, I'd tell you the whole story.

So what's the difference between this and the original? You might notice that here we're using what looks like past tense ("thought"), while in A and B we're using present perfect and present, respectively. Why the difference? My example is a hypothetical (subjunctive), while the original is a simple conditional. With conditionals, we don't even use "would" for the consequence:

If Karen's sandwich falls on the floor, she will still eat it. (It's a really good sandwich.)

Since the choices here are conditional and not subjunctive, we need to leave "would" out of the sentence entirely.

转自：https://gmatclub.com/forum/a-recent-court-decision-has-qualified-a-1998-ruling-that-workers-canno-207805.html#p1593308

主将从现，看错主句和从句了，被provided蒙惑了，以为要个过去式，所以把will变成了would

if present, then future。
不看句子意思的话，are given 和have been given都是可以的，但是be laid off 和 are given reason是不会同时发生的，应该是有一个先后关系，所以在if条件句中需要给出，如果他们已经被知会他们的工作安全，则他们在将来将不可以被辞退，所以B选项是不对的，如果要用are given，“ workers will not be laid off if they are been given reason to believe that their jobs will be safe"相对更make sense。

IF present, THEN future.

Particular Case（in the future）with Certainty
Eg. If Sophia EATS Pizza tomorrow, then she will become ill.
一般现在时，也可能是现在完成时。Eg.
If Sophia HAS EATEN Pizza, then she will become ill.

given reason 这个会导致一个状态的变化 只能用 to believe ade里面选
d having不能作限定修饰
e 要加个逗号 而且根据句意明显是一个条件状语从句

B are given不能表示先后情况 只能理解为同时
肯定是先有理由相信，才不会解雇
理由发生在先

错选E：看的时候自己给E脑补了一个if....
注意：A选项是很典型的if从句，只不过前面的have been并不是错误的时态，要注意活学活用

错选B 从意思上看 肯定 have 才能完成这个动作

A选项：if 引导的从句用现在完成时表示他们完成这样的动作就不会被解雇，believe that后面的内容是工作将会是safe的，所以时态是将来时；
B选项：are given 不能表达出员工不会被解雇之前的动作， 即他们给别人自信他们将会保证工作安全；
C选项：reason for believing 不符合语法；having been given reason似乎在修饰laid off,有歧义
D选项：没有逗号隔开，having been given reason似乎在修饰laid off,有歧义
E选项：没有逗号隔开，given reason to believe...修饰成分不确定

B. 根据语义，工人应该是先被承诺。are given没有体现出先后关系
C/D.having been前无逗号，修饰worker?还是laid off？不明确。
E. Given修饰不明确

这句话是啥意思？，provided that their performance remains satisfactory.就近修饰their jobs will be safe？无法理解语义，捉急

CD果断排除，having不能做限定修饰，B中间for doing和to do的区别在于前者是“已经在发生的”，后者是“尚未发生的”，这里语义上应该用to do。A和D，一个主动语态一个被动语态，未划线部分provided已经是被动了，而且从语义上也应该是被动。选A。

What does make sense is, as the sentence created A conveys, that they cannot be laid off if ON AN ONGOING BASIS they have been given reason to believe that their jobs will be safe.

Additionally, B does not make sense because the conditional would is used, but no condition for what would happen is mentioned. In other words, their jobs would still be safe if what? The answer to that question is not provided. If anything the sentence created using B seems to nonsensically convey that the workers cannot be laid off if they are given reason to believe that their jobs would still be safe even though they are being laid off.

the present- perfect, passive
verb describes the prior condition have been given . . ., and the future tense verb
will be describes the outcome the workers can expect. The idiom reason to believe
succinctly describes the assurance given to workers.

This sentence asserts that a court decision has qualified a 1998 ruling. It then goes
on to explain the series of conditions stipulated by that ruling: workers cannot be
laid off if they have been given (prior) reason to believe that continued satisfactory
job performance will (always) ensure that their jobs are safe. To express these
complicated temporal relationships, the present tense passive verb cannot be laid
off describes the assurance provided by the ruling;