With employer-paid training, workers have the potential to become more productive not only in their present employment but also in any number of jobs with different employers. To increase the productivity of their workforce, many firms are planning to maintain or even increase their investments in worker training. But some training experts object that if a trained worker is hired away by another firm, the employer that paid for the training has merely subsidized a competitor. They note that such hiring has been on the rise in recent years.
Which of the following would, if true, contribute most to defeating the training experts’ objection to the firms’ strategy?
Firms that promise opportunities for advancement to their employees get, on average, somewhat larger numbers of job applications from untrained workers than do firms that make no such promise.
In many industries, employees who take continuing-education courses are more competitive in the job market.
More and more educational and training institutions are offering reduced tuition fees to firms that subsidize worker training.
Research shows that workers whose training is wholly or partially subsidized by their employer tend to get at least as much training as do workers who pay for all their own training.
For most firms that invest in training their employees, the value added by that investment in employees who stay exceeds the value lost through other employee’ leaving to work for other companies.
情景:给员工培训还是不错的,可以增加员工的能力。为了增加产量,很多公司打算增加对员工训练的投资。但是有些专家就反对了,说,如果这些被训练过的员工加入其它的公司,那就糟了,等于给别人做嫁衣了。
推理:一定注意看本题的问题。问题直接问的是,怎么能让这些专家闭嘴。换句话说,这个题目不是让我们直接削弱方案推理,而是让我们直接反驳专家的观点。因此,对于这种特殊的考题,我们不必拘泥于一成不变的推理方式,直接找一个选项可以削弱推理即可。
选题方式:略。
选项分析:
A选项:那些许诺让员工进步的公司平均来讲比那些不许诺这个的公司拥有更多的未训练的员工的求职申请。无论求职申请多少,反正只要被别的公司抢走,依然会让培训了员工的公司受到损失,因此本选项和专家的观点无关。
B选项:在很多行业中,那些上了继续教育课程的雇员在求职市场上有更多竞争力。本选项和专家的观点无关。
C选项:越来越多的教育和训练课提供学费减免。本选项和公司是否会被挖走已经培训好的员工无关。
D选项:调查表明,被公司资助学习的员工和自己支付自己学习的员工得到的训练至少是一样多的。本选项讨论的是训练量的问题,和员工是否会被挖走无关。
E选项:Correct. 对于大部分投资员工训练的公司来说,留在公司的员工所给公司带来的增值超过那些离职的员工带来的损害。显然地,本选项让专家的担心变得完全无用。因为公司的投资收益远大于损失,自然不是只给别人做嫁衣。
专家观点中有一个merely,选项只要强调training除了可能导致员工离职培养竞争对手之外,给公司带来其他更大益处就是正确的,所以一定要提到支持专家观点的因素——离职员工,用这个点筛选,只有选项E。
《因果论证》削弱
P:受训劳工会被其他公司雇走
C:本公司会损失利润
CQ:同时提及受训劳工跳槽+利润;或者给出影响利润的其他因素
其实直接用方案推理的方法去做也行。
前面提出一个方案——专家反驳这个方案,现在你要做的是反驳专家的,其实相当于让你选支持这个方案的。然后用方案推理的CQ去做,很容易就选了E。
可是专家的观点只是“会subsidize competitor",就算对于本公司来说,员工离职带来的损失比留下来的员工的价值少,也无法推翻 那些走了的人给其他公司带去了价值,subsidize了其他公司啊
要么培养出来的员工不跳槽,要么就是鞠躬尽瘁之后再跳槽且再招人也不亏
可以理解为手段目的题,削弱专家的话就是找出这个【策咯的一个好处】或者【说明专家的担忧不存在】,E在说好处大于坏处,ok。 这道题的/讨论范围/是【增加培训支出的优缺点】。无关的选项,出框的选项不要犹豫直接排除。A 无关(也可以理解为一个坏处) B 新事件 无关 C 外界事情 无关 D workers内部比较,没有提及手段的优缺点,无关。
专家的点在于最后会对公司造成损失,那么只要说明公司不会损失或者损失小于收益即可
Defeat 反驳
production提升⟵training
subsidized competitor⟵worker hired away
为了削弱subsidized competitor⟵worker hired away,只需要说明员工在hire away之前就已经为公司做more contribution than it loses by subsidizing such competitors.
ACD选项没在文中出现,且与原文结论“subsidized competitor⟵worker hired away” 没有直接一步的因果关系,所以属于讨论区域的转移;
B选项认为上继续教育课程的员工更有市场竞争力,略微支持了expert的观点;
可以理解为因果推理,反驳结论
请看清楚题目问的是削弱expert的观点
句意理解错误,D选项理解成了该公司和竞争公司给员工进行的培训是一样多的了。还是要仔细读每一个选项的内容
看清问题的意思