Jacob Burckhardt's view that Renaissance European women "stood on a footing of perfect equality" with Renaissance men has been repeatedly cited by feminist scholars as a prelude to their presentation of rich historical evidence of women's inequality. In striking contrast to Burckhardt, Joan Kelly in her famous 1977 essay, "Did Women Have a Renaissance?" argued that the Renaissance was a period of economic and social decline for women relative both to Renaissance men and to medieval women. Recently, however, a significant trend among feminist scholars has entailed a rejection of both Kelly's dark vision of the Renaissance and Burckhardt's rosy one. Many recent works by these scholars stress the ways in which differences among Renaissance women—especially in terms of social status and religion—work to complicate the kinds of generalizations both Burckhardt and Kelly made on the basis of their observations about upper-class Italian women.

The trend is also evident, however, in works focusing on those middle- and upper-class European women whose ability to write gives them disproportionate representation in the historical record. Such women were, simply by virtue of their literacy, members of a tiny minority of the population, so it is risky to take their descriptions of their experiences as typical of "female experience" in any general sense. Tina Krontiris, for example, in her fascinating study of six Renaissance women writers, does tend at times to conflate "women" and "women writers," assuming that women's gender, irrespective of other social differences, including literacy, allows us to view women as a homogeneous social group and make that group an object of analysis. Nonetheless, Krontiris makes a significant contribution to the field and is representative of those authors who offer what might be called a cautiously optimistic assessment of Renaissance women's achievements, although she also stresses the social obstacles Renaissance women faced when they sought to raise their "oppositional voices." Krontiris is concerned to show women intentionally negotiating some power for themselves (at least in the realm of public discourse) against potentially constraining ideologies, but in her sober and thoughtful concluding remarks, she suggests that such verbal opposition to cultural stereotypes was highly circumscribed; women seldom attacked the basic assumptions in the ideologies that oppressed them.

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The author of the passage suggests that Krontiris incorrectly assumes that


social differences among Renaissance women are less important than the fact that they were women

literacy among Renaissance women was more prevalent than most scholars today acknowledge

during the Renaissance, women were able to successfully oppose cultural stereotypes relating to gender

Renaissance women did not face many difficult social obstacles relating to their gender

in order to attain power, Renaissance women attacked basic assumptions in the ideologies that oppressed them

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题目分析：

文章细节题：作者认为TK错误的假设了？

选项分析：

A选项：正确。文艺复兴女性的社会差异没有“她们首先是女性”重要：原文：TK把“女性”和“女作家”的概念合并，假设是性别，而不是社会差异，使我们将女性视为一个整体，并进行分析。而这一点也是作者认为TK的研究“risky”的地方。

B选项：文艺复兴女性的识字能力比当今学者认为的更流行：文章没有讨论流行程度的问题。

C选项：文艺复兴期间，女性有能力成功反对性别刻板印象：TK认为女性对刻板印象的反对是被限制的。

D选项：文艺复兴女性没有因为性别遇到困难：TK强调了女性遇到的困难。

E选项：为了获得权力，她们攻击了压迫她们的观点里的基本假设：TK总结到女性很少攻击这个基本假设。

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