Some anthropologists believe that the genetic homogeneity evident in the world's people is the result of a "population bottleneck"—at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers and thus our genetic variation.
at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers
that at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event that greatly reduced their numbers
that some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event so that their numbers were greatly reduced,
some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event from which their numbers were greatly reduced
some time in the past, that our ancestors suffered an event so as to reduce their numbers greatly,
题目分析:
破折号是一个很神奇的符号,身后的内容既可以修饰一个词,也可以修饰一个句子。在本题中,破折号身后加上用that引导的从句或者省略这个that都是可以接受的。
选项分析:
A选项:reducing their numbers是伴随状语,其逻辑主语应该为其所修饰的句子的主语,即,our ancestors suffered an event的主语。但在逻辑上,下降祖先数量的应该是事件,而不是祖先本身。
B选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
C选项:so that their numbers were greatly reduced是结果状语从句,但其是被动语态。我们可以认为其在语义上约等于:
某人或某物下降了我们祖先的数量。
联系语境则有:
我们的祖先遭受到了一个事件,如此以至于,某人或某物下降了我们祖先的数量。
划线的两句话之间没有了因果关系。(肯定应该是,遭受事件,如此以至于,这件事下降了数量)
另外,划线部分身后的and thus our genetic variation需要和并列连词and身前的内容屏行,即,reduce their numbers and thus our genetic variation。
D选项:本选项中定语从句补全为:
their numbers were greatly reduced from an event.
这是不合逻辑的,例如:
(1) 在中国,这有一辆车。(In China, there is a car.)
(2) 中国有一辆车。(China has a car)
两个例句的意思是完全不同的。句(1)中,我们无法确定这辆车是否属于中国所有,例如这辆车的主人是个美国人,他把车放在了中国境内,但你不能说,这辆车就是中国的。用之于本题,必须是这个事件下降了祖先的数量。否则不能说祖先们suffer了这个事件。
E选项:so as to身后的动词的主语必须是其主句的主语。在本选项中是our ancestors。但在逻辑上,下降了祖先数量的应该是“事件(an event)”,而不是祖先自己。另外,引导词that应该放在sometime in the past身前。
英语的被动语态规定,只有be done by A中的A才能被认为是do的“逻辑主语”。其余的介词,都不能被称为逻辑主语。be reduced from A中的A,按照正常的理解,甚至可以被理解为是“从xxx被降下来”,例如:The price is reduced from 100 dollars.
但是这种情况是from后面跟了数字或者是表程度的词才有可能的吧,from an event是不可能存在歧义的呀,从一个事件上降低?只能说从事件的水平上降低吧。”必须是这个事件下降了祖先的数量。否则不能说祖先们suffer了这个事件。“事件本身就是由很多个因素组成的,from an event具体说明了是事件中的一个因素造成的影响,而suffer an event中event作为一个整体也包括了造成影响的因素,为什么会不可以呢?登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
可以省略that。所以选项ADE的错误并不在that这里。破折号本身表示解释说明,这里就表示和believe身后的宾语从句同等地位,表示解释说明这个宾语从句。
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A中的suffering逻辑主语是祖先,不是祖先减少了数量,排除
E的so as to主语是祖先,排除
有理,CD还是靠并列排除比较靠谱登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
C,两句话不是因果关系
D,from which后面缺少逻辑主语
E,so as to需要保持主语一致,ancestors reduce...也不合理
C、E中的so that/so as to,在句意中不应呈现此种关系,排除
B、D都是event的定从,区别的点在于未划线部分,有一个and的平行结构,D并不平行
B correct
1)主语错误
A:at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers and thus our genetic variation.
意思为:我们的祖先减少了他们的数量和基因变异❌
E:some time in the past, that our ancestors suffered an event so as to reduce their numbers greatly, and thus our genetic variation.
句意为:我们的祖先减少了他们的数量和基因变异❌
2)and 前后并不平行
C:that some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event so that their numbers were greatly reduced, and thus our genetic variation.❌
D:some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event from which their numbers were greatly reduced and thus our genetic variation.❌
our ancestors suffered an event so that their numbers were greatly reduced,
我们的祖先遭受到了一个事件,如此以至于,某人或某物下降了我们祖先的数量。
A greatly reducing their numbers是独立主格做状语,主语是ancestors,实际上reduce的动作发出者是event。
C so that里边their numbers were greatly reduced, and thus our genetic variation.,and后面的部分不是一个完整的句子,没有说明白genetic variation到底怎么个变化法。
D 同样的问题,from which their numbers were greatly reduced and thus our genetic variation.
E so as to后面动作的发出者变成了ancestors,ancestors主动reduce their numbers and genetic variation,不多。另外some time in the past放在了that之前,位置不对。
so that 身后从句主语既可以一致,也可以不一致(从句可以加主语)
C:被动语态的问题就是——主语变成了某人某事。通常行不通的,省略了“关系“
前文未提到有event,不知道这个event能干什么,a的意思变成了只要祖先suffer就会导致reduce,
但事实上应该是suffer一个会导致reduce的event
A选项主语是祖先,变成了祖先主观上reduce their numbers,错误登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
reduce的发出动作是event,所以用定语从句。from which只能暗含during,并不意味着这个event是动作发出主体。