Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
When officials in Tannersburg released their plan to widen the city's main roads, environmentalists protested that widened roads would attract more traffic and lead to increased air pollution. In response, city officials pointed out that today's pollution-control devices are at their most effective in vehicles traveling at higher speeds and that widening roads would increase the average speed of traffic. However, this effect can hardly be expected to offset the effect pointed out by environmentalists, since __________.
increases in traffic volume generally produce decreases in the average speed of traffic unless roads are widened
several of the roads that are slated for widening will have to be closed temporarily while construction is underway
most of the air pollution generated by urban traffic comes from vehicles that do not have functioning pollution-control devices
the newly widened roads will not have increased traffic volume if the roads that must be used to reach them are inadequate
a vehicle traveling on a route that goes through Tannersburg will spend less time on Tannersburg's roads once the roads are widened
结论是官员认为的影响(即车速快了,污染设备高效所以排放的污染少了)不足以抵消环境学家认为的影响(车多了 污染多了)
A 除非路宽了,否则车多导致车速下降。 这讨论没拓宽路的情况。无关
B 因为施工一些路需要暂时关闭,情况只是暂时的
C 大部分污染是由没有污染控制设备的车引起的。说明虽然车速快了,但是那些没装设备的车还是污染多多,况且车还越来越多。
D 如果路不通,那么这些新拓宽的路没有车辆增长。和推理文段没什么关系
E 路宽了,开车时间少了,说明车速快了。没法削弱
但其实C选项是相当充分的。这么来理解:
1、题干里面环境学家说:增加拓宽路面,引来更多的车流,最终导致空气污染增多。(注意此处的空气污染并没有特指什么样的车导致的污染)
2、政府官员反驳:我们的路面拓宽后,车子速度增高了,那些安装了污染控制设备的车就可以让其达到更高的效率。
3、gap:增加的车流有没有安装该设备,而且空气污染是否有可能本身就不是主要来源于那些已经安装了该设备的车子。
4、C:大部分的空气污染来源于那些没有安装设备的车子。直接填补gap,而且还加了限定词most,也就是说其实安装了的车子的污染,我们也考虑了的。但是由于微乎其微,所以一旦路面拓宽,如果没安装的车子增多,那么必然污染加重。
果因,CQ1他因
this effect can hardly be expected to offset the effect pointed out by environmentalists
拓宽路的减少排放的废弃的效果不能抵消更多traffic带来的废弃
逻辑链:路可以让有减少排污设置的车达到最好的效果;扩宽路会有更多车通过
gap:通过的车一定大部分都是有减少排污设置的车吗?
and that widening roads would increase the average speed of traffic这句纯属完善前半句的逻辑链,所以official的落脚点依然只有排污控制设备
他因导致
D. the newly widened roads will not have increased traffic volume if the roads that must be used to reach them are inadequate.
请问D选项后半句什么意思?them指代什么?
就是说如果只是扩展公路 但是连接上去这些公路的路段没有一起扩展 就会成为瓶颈 限制了真正能用上新路的车辆数目
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