Economist: Paying extra for fair-trade coffee——coffee labeled with the Fairtrade logo——is intended to help poor farmers, because they receive a higher price for the fair-trade coffee they grow. But this practice may hurt more farmers in developing nations than it helps. By raiding average prices for coffee, it encourages more coffee to be produced than consumers want to buy. This lower prices for no-fair-trade coffee and thus lowers profits for non-fair-trade coffee farmers.
To evaluate the strength of the economist’s argument, it would be most helpful to know which of the following?
Whether there is a way of alleviating the impact of the increased average prices for coffee on non-fair-trade coffee farmer’s profits
What proportion of coffee farmers in developing nations produce fair-trade coffee
Whether many coffee farmers in developing nations also derive income from other kinds of farming
Whether consumers should pay extra for fair-trade coffee if doing so lowers profits for non-fair-trade coffee farmers
How fair-trade coffee farmers in developing nations could be helped without lowering profits for non-fair-trade coffee farmers
推理: FT coffee价格跟高〉FT会提高咖啡均价,吸引更多人种植咖啡》NFT供过于求,价格下降〉这个举措可能对NFT咖啡农不利
要评估这个推理是否够强,需要考虑1 是否NFT的咖啡农会多种植咖啡,2 咖啡的价格是否会大波动 3 是否有可能会滞销 4均价相关的因素
B选项关注的就是FT咖啡农的比例,如果FT咖啡农占比很低的话,他们对均价的影响就不会很大,从而也就不会对市场有很大的影响,后边的推理也就无从说起
做这种题最需要的就是理清逻辑链条,对逻辑链条任一环进行削弱或者加强都对最后的结果有影响。
看了好几遍,终于看懂了。大家对这道题有困惑是因为没有找到题目的conclusion. 这道题的conclusion是 “But this practice may hurt more farmers in developing nations than it helps. ” 而不是后面的 “thus lowers profits for non-fair-trade coffee farmers.” 关键点在于more。B选项的意思是需要搞清楚种fair-trade的农民是大多数还是少数。如果是多数,则大多数farmers会因高价格高产量而收益,如果是少数,则大多数farmers会hurt。这道题和profit没有关系。
因果推理
因为fair trade的农民会疯狂产咖啡,导致咖啡价格下跌
所以non fair trade农民遭殃 评价是否真的会影响non农民利润
B Fair trade农民比例是。。取极端,99%是fair trade 那么non trade根本没影响,99% non 那影响太大了
文章的conclusion是But this practice may hurt more farmers in developing nations than it helps. 所以要增对这个进行测评
前提:提升F-T咖啡价格,农民会种更多N-F-T咖啡,N-F-T咖啡市场价格降低,利润降低。
结论:伤害发展中国家农民的利益
B:如果咖农种的F-T比N-F-T多很多,肯定不会影响。
推理链条:Paying extra for fair-trade coffee——raiding average prices for coffee——coffee 供大于求——lowers profits for non-fair-trade coffee farmers
B选项直接考虑了Paying extra for fair-trade coffee是否会raiding平均价格,A选项和推理链条无关。
这是演绎推理还是评价题
这道题有点绕,经济学家的结论是fair-trade的咖啡会影响Non-fair-trade咖啡的利润。A说是否可以缓解这种负面影响。陷阱就在这儿,它说缓解,就是等同于承认了有负面影响,否则就不需要去缓解了。
评价题———相关性。如果produce fair-coffee的farmer比例不大,制造的fair-coffee的总量也不会大,则不会影响咖啡的平均价格,non-fair coffee也不会因为产量增加而降低价格,从而降低利润。
逻辑:生产总量增加,价格降低,利润降低
A的问题在哪里呢
题目的conclusion是 hurt more farmers in developing nations than it helps
B是直接在论证是否是more farmers 利益受损 而A却没有
这个解释不太合理,这里的比较对象是this practice hurt more than it helps,是伤害性比帮助大,不是伤害农民的数量的比较
a不管有没有方法减轻生产non-fair-coffee的农民的伤害,伤害就是伤害,不会因为减轻而不存在。
登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
注意方案的目标:intended to help poor farmers
argument反对的是这样做会损害发展中国家农民的利益,但发展中国家的农民比例是不是占大多数呢?多少会影响到总量?
A是错的.....现在想明白了....A应该是加强吧?
啥意思?评价题也能加强或者减弱?
评价题 正确答案相关,其他四个答案不相关
登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论