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题库 / OG2017V-CR-172
Microbiologist: A lethal strain of salmonella recently showed up in a European country, causing an outbreak of illness that killed two people and infected twenty-seven others. Investigators blame the severity of the outbreak on the overuse of antibiotics, since the salmonella bacteria tested were shown to be drug-resistant. But this is unlikely because patients in the country where the outbreak occurred cannot obtain antibiotics to treat illness without a prescription, and the country's doctors prescribe antibiotics less readily than do doctors in any other European country.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the microbiologist's reasoning?
Physicians in the country where the outbreak occurred have become hesitant to prescribe antibiotics since they are frequently in short supply.
People in the country where the outbreak occurred often consume foods produced from animals that eat antibiotics-laden livestock feed.
Use of antibiotics in two countries that neighbor the country where the outbreak occurred has risen over the past decade.
Drug-resistant strains of salmonella have not been found in countries in which antibiotics are not generally available.
Salmonella has been shown to spread easily along the distribution chains of certain vegetables, such as raw tomatoes.
因果推理削弱结果即可
因果推理
因为抗生素只有处方药才能拿 所以不可能是滥用抗生素导致的outbreak 削弱结论
A 加强了结论，医生都不想开
B 削弱，人民平时进食就摄入了抗生素，自然支持滥用
C 其他国家无关
D 在没有抗生素的国家，S就没有抗药性。 这和推理文段无关。
E S怎么传播的块。无关
BE 二选一 选了一个无关选项.......
stimulus: 最近一个欧洲国家发生了一起严重的沙门氏菌造成人丧命的事故。调查员怪滥用抗生素造成了沙门氏菌（因果推理，因为滥用抗生素，所以人感染了沙门氏菌）
微生物学家反驳说，因为这个国家的病人都必须有医嘱才能吃抗生素，而且这个国家的医生比其他国家都谨慎。
提问哪项如果成立可以最大削弱微生物学家的推理：
现在y发生了，调查员认为x-->y
微生物学家的办法是证明w不能推出x，所以x不能导致y，所以任何证明w与x没有因果关系的选项正确
a 还是在证明w会发生
b 证明了x发生的原因其实不是w，推翻了w与x的因果关系
c 邻国发生的事情跟这里的推理无关
d 具有迷惑性，抗生素不常见的国家，沙门氏菌也不发生。但其实间接增强了xy的推理，而且还不能证明w不能导致x
e 给xy因果推理提供了他因，既不能反驳wx的推理，还造成了xy的弱化