Typically during thunderstorms most lightning strikes carry a negative electric charge; only a few carry a positive charge. Thunderstorms with unusually high proportions of positive-charge strikes tend to occur in smoky areas near forest fires. The fact that smoke carries positively charged smoke particles into the air above a fire suggests the hypothesis that the extra positive strikes occur because of the presence of such particles in the storm clouds.
Which of the following, if discovered to be true, most seriously undermines the hypothesis?
Other kinds of rare lightning also occur with unusually high frequency in the vicinity of forest fires.
The positive-charge strikes that occur near forest fires tend to be no more powerful than positive strikes normally are.
A positive-charge strike is as likely to start a forest fire as a negative charge strike is.
Thunderstorms that occur in drifting clouds of smoke have extra positive-charge strikes weeks after the charge of the smoke particles has dissipated.
The total number of lightning strikes during a thunderstorm is usually within the normal range in the vicinity of a forest fire.
前提:林火上方的烟中带有有正电的微粒
结论:这些出现在风暴云中的微粒可能导致出现更多的正电闪电
A:其他种类的少见的闪电也会在林火附近出现,说明林火可能会致使特定的闪电出现,但是并没有加强或者解释文段中给出的因和果是否有任何关联
BCD无关,本题不讨论是否powerful;什么样的雷会升林火;闪电的数量
D 就算烟中的正电离子消散几个星期后,在飘散的烟中出现的雷电风暴中打的雷还是会带正电,这说明正电闪电的出现不是因为烟中有带正电的微粒,而可能是因为烟本身。
这道题很绕,一定需要把选项看明白。
前提 烟雾提供了正离子 结论 所以多出来额外的正离子一定是本来就存在于雷云中的。 那这个额外的正电子是不是雷云中存在的呢, 烟雾消失的时候 ,多出的正电子相撞减少了, 说明是这些额外的正离子不是本来就存在的,它们随着烟雾消失了,至于怎么消失,不在不需要考虑, 只是一定存在他因造成的。
相关因果推理
A 无关
B powerful与否不关心
C 无关比较
D 提到了正电的stike和smoke 削弱因果关系。smoke都没了 positive还在
E 无关
模式判断错了 应该是相关因果推理 CQ 1 相关性不存在
真的太不自信了,选了D,迟迟不确定
太难读懂了!理解了很久,结论应该是说正电击发生是因为烟雾中正电离子的存在,weaken中讲即使烟雾物质消散数周后,云中还是有正电离子在。抨击点居然是关于谁中的正电离子……太别扭了
相关因果,p 在森林起火的上空的暴风雨通常都有很大比例的正电粒子
c 是烟把正电粒子带给 strike的
答案 烟散了之后,strike仍然有多余的正电子
相关到因果推理。smoke 和 positive lightning之间是相关关系,只要排除掉二者之间的相关性就好了。
时间不统一性
对了,但是用了好久.....