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题库 / OG2017V-RC-103
Micro-wear patterns found on the teeth of longextinct specimens of the primate species australopithecine may provide evidence about their diets. For example, on the basis of tooth micro-wear patterns, Walker dismisses Jolly's hypothesis that australopithecines ate hard seeds. He also disputes Szalay's suggestion that the heavy enamel of australopithecine teeth is an adaptation to bone crunching, since both seed cracking and bone crunching produce distinctive micro-wear characteristics on teeth. His conclusion that australopithecines were frugivores (fruit eaters) is based upon his observation that the tooth microwear characteristics of east African australopithecine specimens are indistinguishable from those of chimpanzees and orangutans, which are commonly assumed to be frugivorous primates.
However, research on the diets of contemporary primates suggests that micro-wear studies may have limited utility in determining the foods that are actually eaten. For example, insect eating, which can cause distinct micro-wear patterns, would not cause much tooth abrasion in modern baboons, who eat only soft-bodied insects rather than hard-bodied insects. In addition, the diets of current omnivorous primates vary considerably depending on the environments that different groups within a primate species inhabit; if australopithecines were omnivores too, we might expect to find considerable population variation in their tooth micro-wear patterns. Thus, Walker's description of possible australopithecine diets may need to be expanded to include a much more diverse diet.
It can be inferred from the passage that if studies of tooth micro-wear patterns were conducted on modern baboons, which of the following would most likely be true of the results obtained?
There would be enough abrasion to allow a determination of whether baboons are frugivorous or insectivorous.
The results would suggest that insects constitute the largest part of the baboons' diet.
The results would reveal that there are no significant differences in tooth micro-wear patterns from one regional baboon population to another.
The results would provide an accurate indication of the absence of some kinds of insects from the baboons' diet.
The results would be unlikely to provide any indication of what inferences about the australopithecine diet can or cannot be drawn from micro-wear studies.
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答案：D
解释：本文的主旨是研究当代灵长类动物的食物，以及对于 australopithecine 的食物假设，如果研究现代狒狒的牙齿微擦痕迹，那么最可能是选项 D 正确。因为文章中提到，现代的狒狒吃的昆虫都是软体的，所以不会引起很大的牙齿磨损，因此结果可以提供一个准确的指示，指出狒狒的饮食中缺少某些种类的昆虫。由此可以推断，D 是正确答案。
D.可以准确反映出来baboon是不吃硬虫子的
E 我觉得是any indication太过于绝对了…… 不过这个D还真的蛮难看出来orz
。。。。异曲同工
选错了。之后想D：baboon只吃软虫子，那么他们的牙齿的特点就是吃软虫子的特点。但是W的观点在文章中说，insect eating, which can cause DISTINCT micro-wear patterns, would NOT CAUSE much tooth abrasion in modern baboons, who eat only soft-bodied insects rather than hard-bodied insects. 这里就有个gap，为什么吃虫子会导致显著的pattern，但是baboon却又没有多少这样的pattern。按照这个演说的观点，那么可能就是有吃什么神秘的食物？
需要对文章的层次有深度的理解才能做对这些难度问题。
文章层层递进， 先是讲tooth pattern can help determine animal's diet. 然后讲 it has certain limitation when it comes to insect eating as only hard insect will cause tooth abrasion for baboon. 但是提到的cause indifferent tooth pattern的食物其实只有insect，所以由于物种地域分隔导致他们吃不同的食物还是有可能导致different tooth pattern.
问题太讨厌。D是对的，因为baboon吃软虫子，从而没有特定牙型，所以它们一定没吃硬虫子，不然牙就有痕迹了。some kinds指的是硬虫子。
应该是指软虫子，因为吃硬虫子有特定牙磨损，吃软虫子没有。所以用这种方法推测diet，会导致看不出来这个动物会吃软虫子
应该是硬虫子叭
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D。这个结果会给baboons的食谱中缺少某些种类昆虫提供一个准确的指示
E。这个结果不大可能提供任何能够证明australopithecine diet是否能被micro-wear studies证明的指示
我们看作者在这一段对micro-wear的态度是 may have limited utility in determining the foods that are actually eaten，limited说明没有全盘否定，而且baboons的例子也说明了，这个studies证明了baboons牙齿没有磨损→baboons不吃昆虫，那么在hard-bodied insects层面上，是对的，也就是证明了absence of some kind of insects 但是在soft-bodied insects是不对的，所以这个some kinds of很好的限定了范围，D就是表达的这个意思，只是说的比较tricky
这个题定位句是：For example, insect eating, which can cause distinct micro-wear patterns, would not cause much tooth abrasion in modern baboons, who eat only soft-bodied insects rather than hard-bodied insects.
解析：本段开头已经说了micro-wear不能确定动物实际的食物，然后举baboons的例子来支撑，所以答案要找和动物diet有关的，排除只剩下BDE，然后B很明显是个陷阱，添加了文中没有的信息很容易排除，DE之间如何选就要看他们怎么表达
E为什么不对呢？检验的结果不可能提供有关从micro-wear研究中得出的有关Australopithecine食谱的结论的推论。
如果有可能，那这种inference有可能是什么呢？
定位modern baboons到第二段段首，说的是这种方法limited，也就是不能conducted。问题是如果可以conducted会如何，那么肯定就不会limited了。所以是D。读懂问题很重要