Sammy: For my arthritis, I am going to try my aunt’s diet: large amounts of wheat germ and garlic. She was able to move more easily right after she started that diet.
Pat: When my brother began that diet, his arthritis got worse. But he has been doing much better since he stopped eating vegetables in the nightshade family, such as tomatoes and peppers.
Which of the following, if true, would provide a basis for explaining the fact that Sammy’s aunt and Pat’s brother had contrasting experiences with the same diet?


A change in diet, regardless of the nature of the change, frequently brings temporary relief from arthritis symptoms.

The compounds in garlic that can lessen the symptoms of arthritis are also present in tomatoes and peppers.

Arthritis is a chronic condition whose symptoms improve and worsen from time to time without regard to diet.

In general, men are more likely to have their arthritis symptoms alleviated by avoiding vegetables in the nightshade family than are women.

People who are closely related are more likely to experience the same result from adopting a particular diet than are people who are unrelated.

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考题讲解

情景：Sammy：我打算试试我aunt的diet，包含大量的麦芽和大蒜。她吃了之后关节炎好很多。

Pat：我哥吃了这个diet之后关节炎反而加重了。但自从他不再吃类似西红柿和辣椒的蔬菜就好很多了。

问：哪一个解释了这种不一致

推理：

此为现象解释型题，且文中将diet和关节炎联系起来，为相关因果推理。顺序的推理应该是：

因：diet和关节炎有关系

果：大家吃了diet都能缓解关节炎

我们要做的是对这个逻辑链进行削弱

选项分析：

A选项：Diet的改变，无论本质上是哪种改变，通常会带来短暂的缓解关节炎的效果：这无法解释为什么Pat's brother初试这种diet为什么没有变好反而更糟糕了。

B选项：大蒜和西红柿辣椒有相同的可以缓解关节炎的成分：但Pat’sbrother是在停止吃西红柿辣椒之后才缓解的。

C选项：正确。关节炎是一种会时好时坏和diet无关的慢性疾病：直接切断了diet和关节炎间的关系，解释了为什么aunt和brother面对同样的diet却反应不一——因为根本不管diet的事，diet表示不背这个锅。

D选项：通常来说，比起女人，男人更容易通过不吃蔬菜来缓解关节炎：这或许解释了brother关节炎缓解了的原因，但没有提aunt的情况，属于无关比较。

E选项：当采用某一种diet的时候，有关系的人比没关系的人更容易产生相同的反应：无关比较。

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