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题库 / OG2016-RC-58
Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costs — and therefore compliance — fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs.
Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products. By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations will affect their companies specifically.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
address a widespread environmental management problem and suggest possible solutions
illustrate varying levels of compliance with environmental regulation among different corporations
describe the various alternatives to traditional methods of environmental management
advocate increased corporate compliance with environmental regulation
correct a common misconception about the impact of environmental regulations
题目分析：
文章主旨题
选项分析：
A选项：强调了一个广泛流传的环境管理问题，并且提出解决办法：文章没有提到管理问题以及解决方法。
B选项：列出了不同公司间不同的环境法规：文章的确列出了不同公司的不同规则，但这不是文章的目的，只是为了得出结论而举出的例子。
C选项：描述了传统环境管理方法之外的方法：文章没有提到。
D选项：拥护越来越多的环境法规：文章没有表达出作者对环境法规的态度。
E选项：正确。纠正一个常见的关于环境法规的影响的看法：文章一开始提出，大家一直认为法规对所有公司的影响一样，但实际上不一样，并进行解释说明。
a选项- problem指“不同的企业受到环境法规的影响不同”，但是看下半句，作者并没有就解决这个问题给出办法，即如何解决受到环境法规影响不同；作者基于承认这个问题存在的基础上，就如何应对环境法规给出建议，因此suggest possible solutions（to this problem）不正确，文中没有提及
e选项-文中第一句”所有企业收到影响相同“，下一句”实际上企业收到的影响不同“，并给出三点理由（For example, additionally，moreover，）
B选项：列出了不同公司间不同的环境法规：文章的确列出了不同公司的不同规则，但这不是文章的目的，只是为了得出结论而举出的例子。
E选项：正确。纠正一个常见的关于环境法规的影响的看法：文章一开始提出，大家一直认为法规对所有公司的影响一样，但实际上不一样，并进行解释说明。
需要强调的是，不是内容即目的，很多时候，看到选项有涉及文章的内容就选上去了，但事实上要看文章阐述这些内容背后的目的是什么，这需要把文章内容理解好。
B选项：列出了不同公司间不同的环境法规：文章的确列出了不同公司的不同规则，但这不是文章的目的，只是为了得出结论而举出的例子。
E选项：正确。纠正一个常见的关于环境法规的影响的看法：文章一开始提出，大家一直认为法规对所有公司的影响一样，但实际上不一样，并进行解释说明。
求问大佬：可是……文章最后By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations will affect their companies specifically. 这不是一个solution吗？
topic sentence: In reality, regulatory costs — and therefore compliance — fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others.
补充一下，认为是环境管理问题，因为这个问题是environmental manager faced。emmm 除非说这不是个问题？
那我想问一下啊，如果不是环境管理问题，那由于环境管理而导致的不均衡是个啥问题呢？
主旨题一般从原文第一句找 ： Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality,
A选项 并没有提及不同的management problem
定位：Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. 话锋一转说In reality。。引出文章中心论点：regulatory costs — and therefore compliance — fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others.
Among the myths taken as fact
话锋一转说In reality
定位词：In reality
转折内容为全文主旨
C The passage suggests that most environmental managers are mistaken
about a key concept; its primary purpose is not to describe traditional methods of environmental management or alternatives to those traditional methods, nor does it do so.
第一句中的myths就体现了作者写作态度
uniformly 均匀地
主旨，提出观点---反驳---给出建议