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题库 / OG2016-RC-106
Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments. Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials—substantially more than hospitals collect—thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies. Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.
Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more representative sample of the total population with the disease under study. Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied. A treatment judged successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions. Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to evaluate a treatment's efficacy for diverse patients under various conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness for different patient subgroups. For example, the value of a treatment for a progressive disease may vary according to a patient's stage of disease. Patients' ages may also affect a treatment's efficacy.
According to the passage, which of the following describes a result of the way in which researchers generally conduct clinical trials?
They expend resources on the storage of information likely to be irrelevant to the study they are conducting.
They sometimes compromise the accuracy of their findings by collecting and analyzing more information than is strictly required for their trials.
They avoid the risk of overlooking variables that might affect their findings, even though doing so raises their research costs.
Because they attempt to analyze too much information, they overlook facts that could emerge as relevant to their studies.
In order to approximate the conditions typical of medical treatment, they base their methods of information collection on those used by hospitals.
题目分析：
文章细节题：以下哪个描述了研究员调查临床实验的结果？
选项分析：
A选项：正确。他们在无关信息的储存上花费了资源：FM批评现在的临床实验收集、储存、分析了过多的信息，而这些信息可能是超过实际需求的。
B选项：他们有时候为了准确性，会收集分析超过需要的信息：文章没有提到现在研究员收集的信息的准确性如何。
C选项：他们避免了忽略重要变量的风险，即使这么做会提高他们的研究成本：忽略变量的风险并不可能完全被避免，只是被降低。
D选项：因为他们企图分析过多的信息，他们忽略了和他们研究有关的事实：他们为了不忽略，才去收集很多的信息。
E选项：为了接近诊疗的实际情形，他们用了和医院一样的信息收集方法：原文提到诊所甚至收集了比医院还多的信息。
这篇文章感觉是典型的题比文章难系列
rc
词语理解错误：compromise妥协危害； one word pass，所以不要只看大意，一定要仔细看每个词的意思，这种陷阱！
They sometimes compromise the accuracy of their findings by collecting and analyzing more information than is strictly required for their trials.与文中矛盾，
a肯定对，就是因为后看的b就选了b，把a的正确性完全忘在脑后，这种错误经常犯：最后看的选项觉得正确，不要忘了和之前很正确的对比斟酌一下，不要脑子一热一冲动（非常容易）就选了后面那个看起来正确的而忘记前面被自己标记的正确的
medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments。改善是通过收集更大但是更简单的数据，仔细读出来，这句话就是文章的主旨了。
误选D，Because they attempt to analyze too much information, they overlook facts that could emerge as relevant to their studies. 和A 很像。
有一个问题，第一段说正常情况下研究收集了过多信息，第二段又说有过多信息（别的小病）的直接被排除在样本外了，该怎么理解
我觉得应该这么理解吧：第一段讲的是收集的是某一个人群的很多很多background information，之后第二段讲的是，这些人群包括的不够多。前面讲的是研究深度，后一个讲的是研究广度。
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关键就是B，没有谈到关于准确性的问题，或者说没有这样来影响准确性
A相比于C更像个result
收集太少信息-忽视可能相关的事实 ≠ 多收集的信息都是需要的
定位到这一句：Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study,
不知道应该去哪找定位，也可能是今天阅读做太多了完全不想回去找！
这文章读每句的时候看的挺明白，读完就忘了
感情因素也要考虑，全文是在批判之前的研究方法，A项是说之前研究方法的劣势，C项是在谈优势，所以选A
C项，他们不能完全避免风险，只是会降低风险。而且其实原文明确说了 Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies.
被不相关绊了一下，做题的时候想的是只说了搜集比要求的更多的资料，又没说这些资料不相关😂要求的资料肯定都是相关资料，没被要求的自然就不相关咯
C选项：他们避免了忽略重要变量的风险，即使这么做会提高他们的研究成本：忽略变量的风险并不可能完全被避免，只是被降低。
irrelevant 不相关的
错选c 后半句错误，并不是那些导致cost 上升
正确选项：
researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials
收集了远多于他们做实验所需的信息。
Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials—substantially more than hospitals collect—thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis.
B文章中没有提到妥协精度
C risk不可避免
问：哪个是常规研究方式的可能结果？ A.他们扩大了储存的信息资源，这些资源可能和他们做的实验无关。（第一段就在说，现在的方法，收集太多信息，很多信息其实都没用的） B.他们有时候会对精确度妥协，研究更多的和实验无关的东西（没说） C.他们避免了忽视可能有印象变量的可能性，即使会增加花费。（文中说了想要减少这种可能性是不可能的，怎么都会有，避免不了） D.因为他们试图研究太多信息，他们忽视了和他们实验相关的事实（没说） E.为了接近典型的治疗情况，他们用医院用的采集数据方式来得到数据（第一段说了more than hospitals collect,也就是说他们收集的信息比医院还多，不仅仅依赖医院的方法)