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题库 / OG2020-CR-620
Researchers asked volunteers to imagine they were running a five-kilometer race against 50 people and then against 500 people, races in each of which the top 10 percent would receive a $1,000 prize. Asked about the effort they would apply in the respective cases, the volunteers indicated, on average, that they would run slower in the race against the greater number of people. A likely explanation of this result is that those of the volunteers who were most comparatively inclined— those who most tended to compare themselves with others in the social environment—determined (perhaps unconsciously) that extreme effort would not be worthwhile in the 500-competitor race.
Which of the following would, if known to be true, most help justify the explanation offered above?
The volunteers who were most comparatively inclined were also those that had the greatest desire to win a $1,000 prize.
The volunteers who were the least comparatively inclined had no greater desire to win the $1,000 than those who were the most comparatively inclined.
The volunteers who were most comparatively inclined were likely to indicate that they would run the two races at the same speed.
The most comparatively inclined volunteers believed that they were significantly less likely to finish in the top 10 percent in the race against 500 than in the race against 50.
Volunteers were chosen for participation in the study on the basis of answers to various questions designed to measure the degree to which the volunteers were comparatively inclined.
情景： 一个研究：让志愿者想象自己分别和50个人/500个人比赛跑步，前10%的人会赢得$1000。关于他们会尽多少力，这些志愿者表示，他们可能会在和500人跑步时跑得更慢一些。一个可能的解释是，那些会把自己和别人比较的人（who are comparatively inclined）会认为，在500人比赛中拼尽全力是不太值得的。
推理：
（果）前提：他们在500人比赛中会跑得慢一些
（因）结论：most inclined的人认为在500人比赛中拼尽全力不值当
选项分析：下列哪一项，如果已知是正确的，最有助于证明上述解释是正确的?（加强题）
A选项：那些most inclined是最想赢$1000的人：与原文相反。如果这些人很想赢1000刀，就不会认为在500人比赛中拼尽全力是不值得的。
B选项：那些least inclined的人和most inclined的人相比，没有更大的赢1000刀的欲望：按照原文最后一句话来说，least inclined应该有更大的desire去赢1000刀。
C选项：Most inclined的志愿者有可能在两次比赛中跑出相同的速度：与原文不符。原文说他们会“run slower”。
D选项：正确。Most inclined的志愿者认为，和50人比赛比起来，他们在500人比赛中更不可能跑进前10%：解释了为什么他们认为在500人比赛中拼尽全力不值当——既然自知跑不进前10%，那就不需要拼尽全力了。
E选项：志愿者被选择参加这个活动是基于对各种旨在衡量志愿者inclined的程度的问题的回答：无关。
justify是strengthen题。
E和C很快排除。A和B都只讲了一类人，comparatively inclined和least comparatively inclined.D比较了comparatively inclined的人在两个比赛中的态度，从而加强了题目的explanation，为什么这种人在两个比赛中的心态不一样。
我這輩子做這麼多CR題, "some" 出現的選項幾乎99%是不對的
感觉是 justify the explanation的关键，如果是为了补充加强这个explanation对这个现象的支持，就是选B了。如果是证明这个explanation合理还是选D。。
题干给出的信息是：跑者在500人的比赛里跑得更慢--因为最有竞争意识的跑者认为在500人的比赛努力了也不会赢
support ：这帮跑者认为500人的比赛比50人的比赛更难赢。
注意题干给出的是would not be worthwhile in the 500-competitor race，而不是less worthwhile，它没有进行二者比较，所以最能support结论的就是二者比较选项。
justify是加强
background information: 要求人们想象参加赛跑，对手分别是50人和500人。前10%的参赛者可以赢钱
现象：在500人的情况下普遍发现跑的比较慢。解释：相对inclined的被试认为自己的努力在这种极端情况下并不值得。问加强
choice a, 那些最inclined的被试是最想要赢钱的人。 choice a 和premise矛盾，因为恰恰是这些inclined被试认为赢得的钱不值得努力
choice b, 那些least inclined的人和most inclined的人相比，没有更大的赢1000刀的欲望。 根据原文，least 更有动力去赢钱
choice c, Most inclined的志愿者有可能在两次比赛中跑出相同的速度. -counter to the premise
choice d,Most inclined的志愿者认为，和50人比赛比起来，他们在500人比赛中更不可能跑进前10%. correct, 解释了not worth the effort
现象解释题conclusion是原因
If D is true, we are given that competitive people believed that they were less likely to win with more people. Hence it makes sense that they would feel that extreme effort would not be worthwhile in the 500 participant race. Then our explanation makes more sense. Correct.
LC: top10% get $1000, volunteers inclined to run slower in 500 VS 50 --> extreme effort would not be worthwhile in the 500-competitor race (explanation)
justify the explanation: 需要和说的原因沾边： 只有D