Historian:Fifteenth-century advances in mapmaking contributed to the rise of modern nation-states. In medieval Europe (from the fifth to the fifteenth century),sovereignty centered in cities and towns and radiated outward, with boundaries often ambiguously defined. The conceptual shift toward the modern state began in the late fifteenth century, when mapmakers learned to reflect geography accurately by basing maps on latitude-longitude grids. By the mid- seventeenth century, nearly all maps showed boundary lines.


Which of the following would, if true, most strengthen the historian's reasoning?    


Borders did not become codified in Europe until certain treaties were signed in the early nineteenth century.    

During the medieval period, various authorities in Europe claimed power over collections of cities and towns, not contiguous territories.    

Many members of the political elite collected maps as a hobby during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.    

Seventeenth-century treatises and other sources of political authority describe areas of sovereignty rather than illustrate them using maps.    

During the fifteenth century in Europe, mapmakers simplified the borders of sovereignty by drawing clear lines of demarcation between political powers.    

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情景：历史学家：十五世纪在地图制作上的进步促进了“国家”的形成。在中世纪（五到十五世纪）的时候，主权都是以城镇为中心向四周散开，边界都很模糊。现代国界的概念出现在十五世纪晚期的时候，制作地图的人开始以经纬度为地理分界线，到十七世纪中期的时候，几乎所有地图都展示了边界线。


推理：历史学家的reasoning其实就是“制作地图的时候用了经纬度区分边界，使得现实中也开始明确边界”。

选项分析：

A选项：直到19世纪初某些条约被签署，欧洲才将边界编纂成文法：与有没有编撰成文法无关。我们讨论的是“地图的制作和边界”的关系。

B选项：在中世纪期间，许多欧洲政府以城镇而不是连续的领土为基础宣布主权：与政府以什么为基础宣布主权无关。

C选项：在十六世纪晚期十七世纪早期许多政治精英以收集地图为爱好：无关。

D选项：十七世纪的条约描述了主权的区域，而不是用地图来展示：题目让我们加强地图的作用，如果地图没怎么被使用，一定程度上是削弱了历史学家的推论。

E选项：正确。十五世纪的欧洲，地图制作者通过在政权之间画清晰的线来明确主权的边界：与题干中“用经纬度来反应地理情况”一致，加强了“地图的制作促进了国家政权的明确”这一推论。

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