One might expect that within a particular species, any individuals that managed to slow down the aging process would leave more offspring. Natural selection should therefore favor extreme longevity—but this does not seem to be the case.A possible explanation is that aging is a product of the inevitable wear and tear of living, similar to how household appliances generally accumulate faults that lead to their eventual demise. However, most researchers do not find this analogy satisfactory as an explanation. 

Which of the following would, if true, provide the strongest explanation for the researchers' reaction?


Some organisms are capable of living much longer than other organisms.    

Some organisms reproduce very quickly despite having short lifespans.    

There are several ways of defining “extreme longevity,” and according to some definitions it occurs frequently.    

Organisms are capable of maintenance and self-repair and can remedy much of the damage that they accumulate.    

Some organisms generate much more wear and tear on their bodies than others.    

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情景：特定物种中，个体活得越久，留下的子孙就越多。因此自然选择会更喜欢长寿——但事实并非如此。一种可能的解释是，老化是一个产物磨灭破损不可避免的结果，就像电器会慢慢坏掉一样。但一些研究人员并不满意这个类比解释。

推理：既然研究人员不满意这个类比解释，说明这个类比有不合逻辑的地方，如果要加强这个“不满意”的原因，那就找这个类比（电器vs物种）中的gap，即削弱类比推理。

选项分析：

A选项：一些生物体的可以活得比另一种生物体更久：我们要找的是电器和物种的差别，而不是生物体之间的差别。

B选项：有些生物体繁殖得很快，尽管他们的寿命很短：与类比无关。

C选项：有好几种定义“超级长寿”的方法，并且根据一些定义，“超级长寿”经常发生：与定义无关。

D选项：正确。生物体有能力自我修护并且可以补偿他们累计的损坏：这里指出了物种和电器的差别——生物体可以自我修护，此为类比两者的不同，起到了削弱类比推理的作用。

E选项：一些生物体比别的生物体会产生更多的损坏：同A，无关

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