Normally a bone becomes fossilized through the action of groundwater, which permeates the bone, washes away its organic components, and replaces them with minerals.
which permeates the bone, washes away its organic components, and replaces them
which permeates the bone, washes away its organic components, and those are replaced
which permeates the bone, washing away its organic components, to be replaced
permeating the bone, washing away its organic components, to be replaced
permeating the bone, washing away its organic components and replacing them
题目分析:通常情况下,骨头是通过地下水的一系列作用变成化石的,地下水会渗透到骨头中,冲走骨头的有机物质,并且用矿物质取代有机物质。
选项分析:
A选项:正确。which引导的定语从句,修饰underwater,之后说明了underwater会做的三个动作:渗透,冲刷,以及取代。
B选项:and后面是完整的一句话,此时,这句话不再是定语从句里的成分,而是和主句“bones become fossilized”并列,但“他们被取代”并不能和主句并列,而是属于underwater要做的动作之一;并且,定从里的两个谓语动词“permeates”和“washes away”之间没有连词,属于语法错误。
C选项:定语从句里,washing away成了修饰permeate的伴随状语,但逻辑上这两个动作之间应该是并列关系,而不是修饰关系。
D选项:doing和主句之间有逗号隔开,此时permeating是修饰主句谓语动词的伴随状语,且逻辑主语是和主句主语一致的,即bones。但很明显,并不能骨头渗透进骨头。
E选项:同D
doing作为一个修饰成分难道不应该修饰最近名词groundwater吗?而且which引导定语从句为什么一定要用逗号隔开呢?求解答
AE中的them只能指代components,但是主语是a bone,平行的句子不是都应该作用于主语吗?A中最后一句话修饰的是前面那句啊.......我直接排除了AE,就因为觉得them指代错误。
【doing】
doing修饰一般表伴随,表结果,且主语是主句主语
D选项:doing和主句之间有逗号隔开,此时permeating是修饰主句谓语动词的伴随状语,且逻辑主语是和主句主语一致的,即bones。但很明显,并不能骨头渗透进骨头。
不好判断用定语从句还是伴随状语从句的话 也可以从主句主语和从句主语是否一致 这道题用主语就能排除
E。 The GMAT requires the use of the serial comma (aka the Oxford comma) for every item in a list, including the last item in a list of 3+ items.
But even more fundamentally, insert “permeating” as an -ing modifier right after the comma, which opens up a confusing ambiguous reference because “permeating” could mean that:
groundwater permeates the bone
the action of groundwater permeates the bone
or even the fossilization through the action of groundwater permeates the bone
A replace B, 取代,替代;sb replace sth (with sth),某人更换了某物,而不是用某人来替代某物
water replaces the organic components with minerals,水使有机质被矿物质替代了
B选项and后半段是一个完整句了,应该和主句平行,但他逻辑上应该是和动作平行的
判断用伴随状语还是定语从句:
(1)伴随状语一看主句主语是否能做伴随状语的主语,浸泡骨头、洗掉有机物,用矿物质取代它们,错误;二看主句谓语动词与伴随状语是否有逻辑关系。
(2)定语从句看主句宾语能否能成为宾语从句谓语动词的发生主体,水的运动浸泡骨头、洗掉有机物,用矿物质取代它们,ok
做对了,但是需要强化伴随状语是修饰谓语动词这一概念
E,and前面少了个“,”