Arboria is floundering in the global marketplace,incurring devastating losses in market position and profits. The problem is not Arboria’s trade policy. Arboria faces the prospect of continuing economic loss until Arborian business and political leaders recognize the fundamental differences between Arboria and foreign economic systems. Today the key trade issue is not free trade versus protectionism but diminishing trade versus expanding trade.
Arboria is operating with an obsolete trade policy, an artifact of the mid-1940s when Arboria and Whorfland dominated the global economy, tariffs were the principal obstacle to trade, and Arborian supremacy was uncontested in virtually all industries. In the intervening decades, economic circumstances have shifted radically. Arborian trade policy has not.
Today, Arbona's trade policy seems paralyzed by the relentless conflict between proponents of “free” and “fair” trade. The free traders argue that Arbonian markets should be open, and the movement of goods and services across national borders unrestrained. The fair traders assert that access to Arborian markets should be restricted until Arborian businesses are granted equal access to foreign markets. They contend that free trade is impossible whlie other nations erect barriers to Arborian exports.
Both are correct: fair trade requires equal access and equal access leads to free trade. But both sides base their positions on the same two outdated premises:
1.Global commerce is conducted under the terms of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (IGAT) and dominated by Arboria and similar economic systems abroad.
2.Multilateral negotiations are the most effective way to resolve pressing trade issues.
Both assumptions are wrong. The 40-year-old GATT now covers less than 7 percent of global commerce. World trade is no longer dominated by the free-trade economies; nearly 75 percent is conducted by economic systems operating with principles at odds with those of Arboria. Forging a multilateral trade policy consensus among so many diverse economic systems has become virtually impossible. And while multilateral talks drag on, Arboria misses opportunities for trade expansion.
The author mentions all of the following as characteristic of world trade in the mid-1940s EXCEPT:
Arboria played a major role in the global marketplace.
Whorfland played a major role in the global marketplace.
Tariffs were the main obstacle to trade.
Fair-trade economies dominated international trade.
Arborian manufacturers were unsurpassed in most industries.
题目分析:
文章细节题:作者提到了1940s的世界贸易特征,除了:
原文:Arboria过时的贸易政策帮助它在1940s称霸,1940s的时候Arboria和Whorfland称霸全球经济,关税是贸易的主要障碍,Arboria在各个行业都是龙头老大。
选项分析:
A选项:Arboria在全球市场占据主要地位。
B选项:Whorfland在全球市场占据主要地位。
C选项:关税是主要的贸易障碍。
D选项:Fair trade经济主导全球贸易:原文没提。
E选项:Arboria的制造商在几乎各个行业都无人能比。
原文定位在第二段
注意E选项Arborian manufacturers were unsurpassed in most industries.是隐含的,Arborian主导隐含着unsrpassed,而D是完全不符合文意的。
except