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题库 / OG2019-RC-450
Linda Kerber argued in the mid-1980s that after the American Revolution (1775–1783), an ideology of “republican motherhood” resulted in a surge of educational opportunities for women in the United States. Kerber maintained that the leaders of the new nation wanted women to be educated in order to raise politically virtuous sons. A virtuous citizenry was considered essential to the success of the country’s republican form of government; virtue was to be instilled not only by churches and schools, but by families, where the mother’s role was crucial. Thus, according to Kerber, motherhood became pivotal to the fate of the republic, providing justification for an unprecedented attention to female education.
Introduction of the “republican motherhood” thesis dramatically changed historiography. Prior to Kerber’s work, educational historians barely mentioned women and girls; Thomas Woody’s 1929 work is the notable exception. Examining newspaper advertisements for academies, Woody found that educational opportunities increased for both girls and boys around 1750. Pointing to “An Essay on Woman” (1753) as reflecting a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution. Woody’s evidence challenges the notion that the Revolution changed attitudes regarding female education, although it may have accelerated earlier trends. Historians’ reliance on Kerber’s “republican motherhood” thesis may have obscured the presence of these trends, making it difficult to determine to what extent the Revolution really changed women’s lives.
The passage suggests that Woody would have agreed with which of the following claims regarding “An Essay on Woman”?
It expressed attitudes concerning women’s education that were reflected in new educational opportunities for women after 1750.
It persuaded educators to offer greater educational opportunities to women in the 1750s.
It articulated ideas about women’s education that would not be realized until after the American Revolution.
It offered one of the most original arguments in favor of women’s education in the United States in the eighteenth century.
It presented views about women’s education that were still controversial in Woody’s own time.
题目分析：
文章推断题：TW可能同意关于“An Essay on Woman”的哪点？
原文关于这篇文章的描述：TW认为它反映了观点的变化，TW也认为revolution之前就有许多人支持女性受教育。
选项分析：
A选项：正确。它表达了关于女性受教育的态度，这个态度反应在了1750年后女性有新的受教育机会：TW发现1750男女的受教育机会都增加，essay也证明了这一点，说明essay是支持女性受教育的，且女性也确实在1750年左右有了更多的受教育机会。
B选项：它说服教育者给女性提供更多受教育的机会：原文没有提Essay对教育者的影响。
C选项：它认为直到revolution之后，女性开始接受教育：essay是认为女性在AR之前就收到教育的
D选项：它是最原始的支持女性受教育的文件之一：原文没有提。
E选项：它认为：在W时期女性要不要受教育依旧有争议：原文没有提。
Pointing to “An Essay on Woman” (1753) as reflecting a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution.简直就是原文改写，但是我为什么还是错了呢？因为我的脑子里已经烙印了一个错误的事实就是after1750就是不对，晕，脑子飞了
我也是！
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reflecting a shift in view = attitudes concerning women’s education that were reflected
Pointing to “An Essay on Woman” (1753) as reflecting a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution.
reflecting a shift in view = attitudes concerning women’s education that were reflected
essay 是在1753年发布，被woody认为是观念的转变，那么essay里不可能说女性在revolution之后(1783)接受教育
A. 它表达了对妇女教育的态度，这些态度反映在1750年后妇女接受教育的新机会中。
Woody认为“essay”反映了对妇女接受教育的态度上的转变，也就是说妇女在1750年后有了新的受教育的机会
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A，“An Essay on Woman” 表达了对女性教育的态度，1750年后女性教育机会增加也反应了这种态度。
D，“An Essay on Woman”是最早的支持女性教育的争论之一。
这里woody虽然说了“An Essay on Woman” (1753)反映了态度的转变，但他这样说的目的是为了说明女性教育机会的增加不仅在实践里可以看到，在态度上也可以看到。它主要是为了支持woody认为的女性教育机会增加这一论证。
问woody：它是不是最早表达支持女性教育的文章的？ woody：我不知道。我只是在一堆文件里好不容易找到了一份，拿来给你看。看！女性教育机会增加不仅通过报纸的招生广告可以看出来，这篇文章还反映了那一时期人们的态度已经发生转变了。
原文： Pointing to “An Essay on Woman” (1753) as reflecting a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution.
为它反映了观点的变化，TW也认为revolution之前就有许多人支持女性受教育。
D没有看到重要的词是original——D选项：它是最原始的支持女性受教育的文件之一：原文没有提。
B，逻辑上，从"EW展现了对于女性教育的(支持的)态度"并不能推导出"EW劝说教育者去增加女性教育机会"。EW展现了对于女性教育的态度，它确实很有可能是在劝说人们增加女性教育的机会。但文章没有明说这一点。而且这只能是可能，在1750年前教育机会就已经增加了，有人写了一篇EW来强调女性去的的权力或者这件事情的优点等也有可能。
文章内容：TW认为在1750年前后(around 1750，指以1750年为中心)，女性教育机会已经增加了。他把EW这篇文章看作是人们观点的转变的标志，认为在美国革命(1755-1783)前，增加女性教育机会这件事情就有很多的拥簇者。
选项理解：
A，It expressed attitudes concerning women’s education that were reflected in new educational opportunities for women after 1750.
EW展现了关于女性教育的态度，女性教育反应在1750年后女性新的教育机会里。
B，EW劝说教育者去增加女性教育机会。
这里用原文转译的办法，point to EW as a view，将EW看成是一种观点，B的意思更符合。
定位：Pointing to “An Essay on Woman” (1753) as reflecting a shift in view, Woody also claimed that practical education for females had many advocates before the Revolution.
TW认为"AN Essay on Woman"反映了观念上的转折点
如果选用原文所说的Woody found that educational opportunities increased for both girls and boys around 1750作为例证。首先这句话是说的是1920年的那个exception。其次around 1750 和 after 1750 还是有区别的吧。从这个角度来看，A选项算是 绝对了，因为文中没有明确说是after 1750. 这题只能说从5个错的里面选一个对的，也是醉了
Woody found that educational opportunities increased for both girls and boys around 1750. Pointing to “An Essay on Woman” (1753) as reflecting a shift in view
Thomas指出了 “An Essay on Woman”反映了观念的转变
这道题到底为什么选A呀？
原文：reflect a shift of view,这个shift根据上下文可以判断是指对女性教育机会的态度的转变；B，原文没有提到劝说教育者给女性更多机会；C. 认为女性的教育机会在revolution之后才有所改变，这是Linda的观点，与这本书无关；D. 最早的支持观点之一，原文没有提是不是最早；E. 在woody那个时期，关于女性教育的观点依旧有争论，原文没有提到这本书有没有表达这类观点。
好的
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after 1750 in the option A? Is it correct? the report was published in 1753