Urban air contains more sulfur dioxide than does rural air, and plants in cities typically grow more slowly than do plants in rural areas. In an experiment to see how much of the difference in growth is due to sulfur dioxide, classes in an urban and a rural school grew plants in greenhouses at their schools and filtered the greenhouse air to eliminate sulfur dioxide. Plants in the urban greenhouse grew more slowly than those in the rural greenhouse.
Which of the following, if true, would it be most important to take into account in evaluating the result?
The urban school was located in a part of the city in which levels of sulfur dioxide in the air were usually far lower than is typical for urban areas.
At both schools, the plants in the greenhouses grew much more quickly than did plants planted outdoors in plots near the greenhouses.
The urban class conducting the experiment was larger than the rural class conducting the experiment.
Heavy vehicular traffic such as is found in cities constantly deposits grime on greenhouse windows, reducing the amount of light that reaches the plants inside.
Because of the higher levels of sulfur dioxide in the air at the urban school, the air filters for the urban school's greenhouse were changed more frequently than were those at the rural school.
城市比乡村SO2多,植物长得慢
为了探寻植物生长速度与SO2含量的关系,在城市及乡村种植物,控制变量SO2,结果发现城市植物还是比农村长得慢
题目要求:引入重要变量
A、被测试的城市学校SO2低于城市的其他区域,与城市/农村对比无关
B、城市农村学校里植物长得比外面快,与城市/农村对比无关
C、被测城市学校面积比农村大,与植物生长速度无关
D、城市交通繁忙挡光,他因削弱,证明没有很好地控制所有变量,CORRECT
E、城市的滤网换得比农村频繁,很tricky,但就算这样,也不能说明控制SO2变量的水准是否有区别(没说换得快效果就好)
A选项同理,这个实验已经滤掉了二氧化硫,得出的一切差值是无关变量的影响,urban school二氧化硫浓度的高低无所谓,反正都会过滤掉
CE选项无关
D选项引入了一个除二氧化硫之外变量,故试验结果不准确了
因此只能看其他变量对实验的影响登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
要评估上述问题,要作对比实验,其他变量都一致,只有S不同。
问:评估实验结果时,哪一个影响最大?
D,没有把太阳这个变量控制好。实验结果没法用来评估S的影响。
评估条件:寻找第三个新的变量
choice d, 因为城市玻璃上的灰尘,减少了植物可以接触到的光。correct
choice e,城市学校的filter换得更勤快-> 更没法解释为什么在换得更勤的条件下城市植物依旧长得慢
如果在城市和农村的实验室都将二氧化硫去除的话植物生长的一样快,那么就是二氧化硫的问题。但前提是其他因素保持不变。
都去除了二氧化硫植物生长得依然不一样快,只有D指出了他因
更频繁的更换滤网并没有直接说明会对实验结果造成什么不同影响呀, 如果非要说有, 那就属于自己脑补了登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
A 位置差异,但是实验已经比S的影响去掉了
B 在温室里生长的都比室外生长的快 。我们想知道的城市和乡村的比较,不是一个地方室内室外的比较
C 实验规模,无关
D 光照没了,光合作用差,植物长的慢,解释
E 更换过滤器的频率 无关
可能的gap:①有没有一些实验没注意到得不同因素,同时也影响着实验结果,但是并没有做统一的处理
②虽然除干净了空气中的硫化物,有没有可能土壤或者水里还有硫化物