Tiger beetles are such fast runners that they can capture virtually any nonflying insect. However, when running toward an insect, the beetles intermittently stop, and then, a moment later, resume their attack. Perhaps they cannot maintain their pace and must pause for a moment's rest; but an alternative hypothesis is that while running tiger beetles are unable to process the resulting rapidly changing visual information, and so quickly go blind and stop.
Which of the following, if discovered in experiments using artificially moved prey insects, would support one of the two hypotheses and undermine the other?
When a prey insect is moved directly toward a beetle that has been chasing it, the beetle immediately turns and runs away without its usual intermittent stopping.
In pursuing a moving insect, the beetles usually respond immediately to changes in the insect's direction, and pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.
The beetles maintain a fixed time interval between pauses, although when an insect that had been stationary begins to flee, the beetle increases its speed after its next pause.
If, when a beetle pauses, it has not gained on the insect it is pursuing, the beetle generally ends its pursuit.
When an obstacle is suddenly introduced just in front of running beetles, the beetles sometimes stop immediately, but they never respond by running around the barrier.
(A)当猎物面对beetle飞来时,beetle马上跑走,没有边飞边停。与题目条件不符
(B) 追猎物时,beetle根据猎物的位置变化马上转变(否定视力论),并且无论猎物上坡还是下坡都以一样的频率休息(否定体力论,假若支持累要休息,上坡休息应该更频繁)。此选项2个原因都否定了
(C)休息之间的时间是固定的,尽管当一只静止不动的猎物准备逃跑时,beetle在下一次休息后会加快速度。每次飞的时间固定,但是会加速,否定了体力论(若支持体力论,速度快时飞的时间应该短)。支持了视力论,beetle体力没有问题,可还是要pause,其目的就是要定位,看准了方向再加速——正确
(D)如果当beetle休息时,它还没有赶上它追的猎物,beetle就会结束追赶。无关项
(E)当追赶过程中beetle前面有阻碍物时,beetle有时会立马停止,但是他们不会围障碍物转。无关项
这道题的关键是需要找到一个实验,满足在支持某假设的时候还能够同时削弱另一个假设。
B选项前面否定hypothesis2,因为他跑的时候能看清,后半段pause equally frequently whether the chase is up or down an incline.也否定了hypothesis1
C选项即使加速,他也固定时间停下,说明和体力无关,否定H1,同时肯定H2,他不会立刻加速,只会停下来之后在下一轮开始加速,这说明高速追逐的时候他是看不清的
D选项,停下不追了,无关
E选项,说明视力没问题,否定了H2,但并没有肯定H1,问题问的是否定一个与此同时肯定另一个,故错误
C.视力有事,体力没事
∴TB奔跑捕猎中会pause
①∵TB不能保持自己的pace,需要停下来歇会儿
②∵TB在奔跑时视觉信息的传输跟不上,会一下子失明一阵子
题目要求削弱一个加强一个,也就是说对果因的逻辑链条起作用
A、当一个Insect横冲直撞来,TB连跑带颠就逃走了,完全不像平时一样暂停的,无关,甚至反原文
B、TB对猎物转弯、往上往下都反应迅速,与pause无关
C、TB休息间的时间是fixed的,即使猎物已经逃了,它也只是在Pause后会加快速度追捕(暗示体力是跟得上的)
另外(搬运自kmfCherylflower)
C说当一个静止的虫子飞起来了的时候(我们想在不瞎的情况下是不是该立刻加速去追了),
这货是在下一次停顿后才加速的,而不是在那虫子飞的时候就加速了,
说明神马,
说明它停下后才看见哇,猎物飞了,加速走起啊~~~
D、如果TB停下时跟丢猎物,它就不追了,无关
E、当障碍物出现在TB面前,有时它会停下,但它从来不会绕道走,有时不具有代表性,障碍物也不是猎物,很tricky
是C啊没问题,我看gmatclub也是C登录 或 注册 后可以参加讨论
视力有问题(停留的间隔相同)
fact:bettle去追insect的时候会有间歇的stop
(注意:读的时候一定要把转这类的词在心里加粗加黑!!alternative hypothesis)
解释①不能维持pace,必须要短暂的休息(补充体力)
解释②不能够很快的处理眼前的信息,追的过程中突然blind,所以要stop
题目要求:哪一种结果会support一个解释然后undermine另一个
C选项:有fixed时间间隔,说明不论飞的快慢,休息的时间都一样(默认如果解释①对的话,应该是飞的快的时候休息时间更长);一个最开始静止的虫子突然逃走了,beetle休息之后进行了加速,说明它在pause的时候确实用眼睛处理了信息
B选项:注意看到B选项的后半段就可以为C提供一些思路,但是B错就错在认为beetle处理信息是immediately的
支持假设1:体力论,定时休息,但是可以调整后期速度,所以可以保证走完全程
削弱假设2:视力论,需要根据遇到的的物体来判断停留时间,这个时间无法预估,所以固定时间是不对的,削弱