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题库 / Prep2007E1-CR-34
For several years, per capita expenditure on prescription drugs in Voronia rose by fifteen percent or more annually. In order to curb these dramatic increases, the ministry of health prohibited drug manufacturers from raising any of their products' prices. Even though use of prescription drugs did not expand after this price freeze, per capita expenditure for prescription drugs continued to increase by a substantial percentage each year.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the ministry's action did not achieve its goal?
After price increases were prohibited, drug manufacturers concentrated on producing new medications to replace existing products.
The population of Voronia rose steadily throughout the period.
Improvements in manufacturing processes enabled drug manufacturers to maintain high profit levels on drugs despite the price freeze.
In addition to imposing a price freeze, the government encouraged doctors to prescribe generic versions of common drugs instead of the more expensive brand-name versions.
After price increases were prohibited, some foreign manufacturers of expensive drugs ceased marketing them in Voronia.
政府限制的是在原来的价格基础上提价，制造商开发新药的话直接就定一个很高的价格，发行价就很高，根本不用提价，这并不会被政府的规定所限制，所以选a
A 开发新药，替代老药销售；新药可以不受价格限制的影响
B V的人口在这个时期内增加；不确定用药的人数，无法判断
C 药厂的利润高跟人均消费提高无关
D 为了实行限价，政府鼓励医生提供一种更便宜的药；那么人均消费应该下降
E 限价后，一些外国厂商停止了在V的新药推广；无关
A选项这个套路其实在之前一个政府规定credit的题目里做过，为了达标，不仅仅可以真正提高水平或效率，还可以通过一些方法使得标准降低，这个A就典型的改变标准
that choice specifically says that companies stopped selling certain expensive medicines in the country; that action, mathematically, should reduce average drug costs.
人均消费=用药*消费，已经说了「use of prescription drugs did not expand」，那只能是消费又上去了····
控制现有药的药价→人均处方药开销（总开销/人数）不降反增
增强，即说明因果间有干扰因素（CQ1），或因果链条不成立（CQ2）
A、药商研制新药代替旧药，新药可以漫天要价，分子增加，CQ1，CORRECT
B、人口增多，即分母增加，削弱
C、药商高利润，NM他因
D、鼓励医生开便宜而非贵的药，分子减小，削弱
E、进口药不进口了，无关，甚至减小分子
PCE上升，use不变，那么需要population下降或product price上升；
product price上升：1. 升高原产品价格
2.直接开发价格更高的新产品
CR：政府不让涨价，那我就生产新药，把新药的价格定高些，一样赚更多钱。这个选项比较隐晦。
B，人口增加，总购买量和单价不变，会使人均购买支出降低而不是升高。
choice A, 在通知不允许涨价后，药厂开始研发新药替代原先的药物
首先some不具有代表性。其次，就是他们停止市场，导致供应下降，需求不变，但是因为禁止涨价啊价格还是上不去。还是无法解释为什么医药费更多了。
A 研究新药品了，旧药无法涨价，但是新药可以定价高昂，无需涨价，人们花的钱也变多了
A.政府限制的是在原来的价格基础上提价。制造商开发新药的话直接就定一个很高的价格，发行价就很高，根本不用提价。这并不会被政府的规定所限制。