According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression. Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?
For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
e:治不了
而d的意思:因为睡了的话就会return in full force所以根本不能治疗
区别在于c认为可以treat,而e认为根本不能treat
(但老实说真正考试的话估计没人会想这么多)
方案模式
睡眠剥夺不能用于治疗depression,它有副作用
解释方案的否定性副作用
A、对于一小部分患者(不具有代表性),失眠会快乐。无关,甚至反向
B、叫醒患者比叫醒普通人更困难,无关
C、失眠会暂时性损害判断,就跟喝了酒一样(喝酒这件事还是相当无关的),60分选项(其实损害判断和抑郁症没有关系,损害判断不代表对抑郁症一定有坏处)
D、清醒睡着的情绪变化不对应大脑中化学物质的变化,无关
E、只要患者睡着了,depression就卷土重来(即睡眠剥夺的否定性副作用),CORRECT
睡眠剥夺不能用于治疗depression,它有副作用
解释方案的否定性副作用
A、对于一小部分患者(不具有代表性),失眠会快乐。无关,甚至反向
B、叫醒患者比叫醒普通人更困难,无关
C、失眠会暂时性损害判断,就跟喝了酒一样(喝酒这件事还是相当无关的),80分选项
D、清醒睡着的情绪变化不对应大脑中化学物质的变化,无关
E、只要患者睡着了,depression就卷土重来(即睡眠剥夺的否定性副作用),CORRECT
We finally traced him to an address in Chicago. 我们终于追查到他在芝加哥的一个地址。
The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.睡与不睡的情绪的转变并没有追踪到大脑中化学物质的变化。
I lifted the baby out of the chair. 我把婴儿从椅子上抱起来。
Martial law has now been lifted. 戒严令现已解除。
条件:病人说只要他们一晚上不睡,就不会抑郁。
结论:医生没有给病人吃不睡觉的药来治疗抑郁。
E,病人哪怕睡几分钟,抑郁又原样回来了。
CR:病人总不能一直不睡吧。只要睡了就会抑郁,所以不让他们睡觉也治不了抑郁。
(B)无关
(C)讲了副作用,与喝酒相比,无关比较
(D)大脑化学物质的转变,无关
(E)一旦睡着一会,抑郁感又来了,所以这种方法不能治根,无用
c是temporary impairment
这样比较的话明显e的力度更大
choice a, 对于一小部分患者,剥夺一晚的睡眠还能引起愉悦感。 -> weaken, 更无法解释为什么
choice c, 长时间损失睡眠可以引起判断力的缺失。 -> 解释了睡眠剥夺带来的副作用
choice e, 当患者即使睡几分钟,抑郁症也会全力回来。correct, 说明不是长久之计,且攻击力度比choice c 更大
lift:消散→基本的逻辑链:失眠能使抑郁症消散,但不能用失眠手段来治愈抑郁症
看到说C说剥夺睡眠的坏处就秒选,没注意到其他治疗方案是“serious side effects”,而这里只是temporary impairment,所以坏处明显没有其他的大。
E.直接说明这个方案的无效性
我想的是睡眠剥夺影响人的判断,导致患者以为自己好了,实际上没有。但这样就否定原文设定了,原文说lifted their depression那就是变好了,不可以用选项反驳原文。
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