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题库 / Prep2007E1-SC-101
Many environmentalists, and some economists, say that free trade encourages industry to relocate to countries with ineffective or poorly enforced antipollution laws, mostly in the developing world, and that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution.
that, in order to maintain competitiveness, rich nations have joined this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
that, for maintaining competitiveness, rich nations join in this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution
that rich nations join this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution because of wanting to maintain competitiveness
that in rich nations, joining this downward slide toward more lax attitudes about pollution is a result of wanting to maintain competition
that wanting to maintain competition is making rich nations join in this downward slide toward an attitude about pollution that is more lax
(A) 正确，say后跟两个由that引导的并列宾语从句;in order to do sth表达目的。
(B) for doing sth表达目的的方式错误;in多余
(C) 介词because of后加名词表原因，改变了原句表达目的的意思;wanting to do等于to do，不简洁。
(D) doing sth is a result of doing sth的表达方式不简洁;wanting to do等于to do。
(E) that引导的定语从句修饰对象错误，根据意思应该修饰attitudes，但在E中错误地修饰pollution;wanting to do sth is making sb do sth的表达方式不简洁;wanting to do等于to do。
2、for的用法
（1）do sth for sb,为某人做某事，He's waiting for the bus. I do this for you.
（2）do sth for sth,为了某事而做某事，表目的，He went home for his book. She works hard for success.
英语不用for doing sth来表示目的，如He went there to visit her uncle. Wrong: He went there for visiting her uncle. 除非该动词ing已名词化，如He went there for swimming.
英语用to do来表目地
（3）表用途，The knife is ended for cutting things.
（4）表原因，Thank you for coming to see me. He can't speak for laughing.
注意时态！！！一般现在时表示客观真理或一直以来都发生且将继续发生的事情，此处应该是完成时，表示从过去某时刻延续到现在的动作
2、for的用法
（1）do sth for sb,为某人做某事，He's waiting for the bus. I do this for you.
（2）do sth for sth,为了某事而做某事，表目的，He went home for his book. She works hard for success.
英语不用for doing sth来表示目的，如He went there to visit her uncle. Wrong: He went there for visiting her uncle. 除非该动词ing已名词化，如He went there for swimming.
（3）表用途，The knife is ended for cutting things.
（4）表原因，Thank you for coming to see me. He can't speak for laughing.
for doing 不能表示目的
A. 现在完成时指这件事已经发生，rich nations已经加入，符合题意
B. 一般现在时表示这是一个自然定律，并且in order to表目的，for doing表原因，故错误
许多环保主义者和一些经济学家说，自由贸易鼓励工业转移到反污染法律无效或执行不力的国家，主要是在发展中国家，而且，为了保持竞争力，富国也加入了这种下滑的行列，对污染采取更宽松的态度。
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for doing 不表目的
a, this is an ongoing or cumulative trend, continuing into the present from some designated starting point
b, this is a fundamental truth
B, for doing表用途，不表目的，use sth for doing sth，enough for doing sth
B, for doing表用途，不表目的，use sth for doing sth，enough for doing sth
C，because of doing，simple gerund强调过程，用complex gerund
D，主语和状语的区别，rich nations应该做主语，这些国家加入下滑而不是在这些国家假如下滑
E，that is more lax修饰pollution，错误
join用在正式场合。
可以这样来记：加入组织比较正式，join自己端正、严肃地出现；参加各种活动比较随便，小品词in也来凑热闹。
be wanting sth表示缺乏，需要某物
如：I am pretty sure that you will be wanting to sleep a lot.
be wanting to do sth 想要做某事
如：They may be wanting to know when you leave for home.
1、时态：第一个that：自由贸易鼓励了……，这是一个客观现象，只要自由贸易这个东西存在，它天然地包含鼓励各国投资自由流动的属性，故它鼓励工业迁移到环保管理不严格的国家是它自带属性的结果，用一般现在时；第二个that：富有国家加入了这个下滑，这是有时间性的，是现在加入还是过去、未来加入？have done强调影响及下滑持续到现在
2、for的用法
（1）do sth for sb,为某人做某事，He's waiting for the bus. I do this for you.
（2）do sth for sth,为了某事而做某事，表目的，He went home for his book. She works hard for success.
英语不用for doing sth来表示目的，如He went there to visit her uncle. Wrong: He went there for visiting her uncle. 除非该动词ing已名词化，如He went there for swimming.
（3）表用途，The knife is ended for cutting things.
（4）表原因，Thank you for coming to see me. He can't speak for laughing.
for doing 表示原因，不表示目的
join in: to take part in an activity with other people,this wording implies that the rich nations are colluding with each other, metaphorically holding hands, deciding together to become more lax about pollution. (choice a expresses the correct meaning, which is that the slide is happening and that rich nations are individually joining it.)
in order to do sth表达目的，这里的现玩时态有表示对后来事件产生了影响之义。。for doing sth不用来表达目的的because of后加名词表原因，改变了原句表达目的的意思;wanting to do等于to do，awkard.
(A) 正确，say后跟两个由that引导的并列宾语从句;in order to do sth表达目的。
(B) for doing sth表达目的的方式错误;in多余
(C) 介词because of后加名词表原因，改变了原句表达目的的意思;wanting to do等于to do，不简洁。
(D) doing sth is a result of doing sth的表达方式不简洁;wanting to do等于to do。
(E) that引导的定语从句修饰对象错误，根据意思应该修饰attitudes，但在E中错误地修饰pollution;wanting to do sth is making sb do sth的表达方式不简洁;wanting to do等于to do。
b. 首先一般现在时不对， 好像一个truth或者routinely activity
其次 for doing < to do. for 后面不能加动名词 （可以加名词）
我觉得A和B的却别还是弄清楚join 和 join in的区别。join in后面跟事情，表示参加做什么事情, join 后面跟人群，组织，表示加入。这边AB 来看跟属于加入downward slide这类态度中去。当然，in order to 和for的区别也很重要。