Many population studies have linked a high-salt diet to high rates of hypertension and shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their blood pressure typically does not rise with age.
shown that in societies where they consume little salt, their
shown that in societies that have consumed little salt, their
shown that in societies where little salt is consumed,
they showed that in societies where little salt is consumed,
they showed that in societies where they consume little salt, their
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(B) that引导的定语从句修饰就近的名词societies,逻辑意思不合理;their没有指代对象。
(C) 正确,where引导定语从句修饰societies。
(D) they指代对象不清楚(应该指代studies,但有指代rates的歧义),而且多余,应该是主语studies后跟两个并列谓语have linked and shown。
(E) 第一个they指代对象不清楚,而且多余,理由与D选项相同;第二个they和their没有指代对象(按照理解应该是“大众群体”),与第一个they的指代对象不一致。
and 前后也不一定要求时态平行,但这里确实是时态的问题,现在完成时表达事情发生在过去,并一直持续到现在,且过去发生的动作对现在有一定影响,而一般过去时则表达过去某一段时间的事情,和现在没什么关系即现在不一定这样。再来看句子,and前后几乎说的是相同内容的事情,即高盐饮食和高血压有联系,那么前面用现在完成时后面用一般过去时自然是不合理。
然后就算是改为they have shown,就是赘余的问题了
BUT,
in this sentence, if you write that, then you have
"...IN societies IN which..."
...which is bad.
show that,排除DE
they/their无指代,排除
C correct
society的血压不会伴随年龄上升(没有血压、也没有年龄),杀AB
linked ..... and shown ......
and 前后一致
对于metaphorical place时,如condition, situation, case, circumstances, arrangement用 in which,不用where;
修饰在某物,如I have a book/company in which……等,用in which,不用where
in societies where little salt is consumed,如果改成in which,则是in societies in which,很奇怪,用where更优
their只能指代societies', societies' blood pressure typically does not rise with age.,错误,血压不能是各种社会的,是人的血压
2、关于D的一般过去时时态,一个句子根据动作发生时间的不同是可以有不同的时态的。I ran yesterday and swim today.
3、show短暂的或表结果的动词,也可以加have,Facts have shown us that he is trustworthy.事实已经表明他是值得信赖的。have done强调show这个动作产生了影响
注意D选项中的they指代有可能有ambiguous
这里原句没有表达出,link和show有一前一后的顺序,从语义上推测也无法推测者二者需要一前一后发生
所以在时态上这二者需要平行
在origin sentence没有出现逻辑错误的情况下,需要遵循origin sentence的逻辑