In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.
most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle
most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling
most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling
mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle
mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling
(2) the modifier is to be taken as "comma + -ing", a construction that modifies the preceding clause. this is the source of the aforementioned ambiguity.
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