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题库 / Prep2007E1-SC-162
The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs, though some consumer groups disagree with the government's estimates, suggesting they are too optimistic.
The government predicts that, for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs
The government predicts that costs will be greatly reduced for consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls by the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts
The government's prediction is, for consumers and businesses making a large number of long-distance calls, costs will be greatly reduced by the recent telephone rate cuts made by the Federal Communications Commission
For consumers and businesses that make a large number of long-distance calls, the government's prediction that the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts will greatly reduce costs
For consumers and businesses making a large number of long-distance calls, the government predicts that the recent telephone rate cuts that the Federal Communications Commission has made will greatly reduce costs
choice b, 一个是被动语态在这里不如主动语态（因为有明确的动作发出者），另外will be greatly reduced距离动作真的发出者by介词短语太远了
choice c, the prediction is ...不如predicts that
choice d,e: for consumers and businesses 作为状语修饰主句的谓语动词predicts
The problem with choice E is in the placement of the modifier ("For consumers and businesses making a large number of..."). Since this comes before the main clause, "the government predicts...", the implication is that the government is making a prediction for the sake of those consumers and businesses: the prediction is "for" them - and may not even mean that their rates will fall!
Choice A, on the other hand, correctly captures the intended meaning of the sentence: The government is making a general prediction (it's not a prediction aimed at anybody in particular), about the rate cuts that will be experienced by certain individuals.
the passive voice is indeed a problem, because it's unnecessary. (remember that the passive voice should only be employed when there's a fairly compelling reason to use it.) in choice b especially, there's also an unacceptably long distance between the passive-voice action (will be greatly reduced) and the agent of that action (by the ...).
one thing you should definitely notice in choice c is the wordiness of 'the government's prediction is'. constructions like that, which can easily be replaced by more compact forms ('the government predicts') with no change in meaning, are ALWAYS wrong. (also, you need the word 'that' after 'is'.)
the prepositional phrase at the beginning of choice e is an example of a dangling modifier: one isn't quite sure exactly what it's supposed to modify. according to the strict rules followed by the gmat, this phrase should technically modify the action directly following the comma (the government predicts), which doesn't make sense: the government is not making predictions for the benefit of consumers and businesses (rather, it is merely making projections).
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B：reduced和by之前隔太远，by会被误解成修饰call
C: 表语从句不能省略that
D: 抓住核心prediction will reduce costs
E: for状从修饰主句动词predicts
语意题：
do sth for sb，为某人做某事
A for 修饰reduce，政策削减了成本for这帮人，ok
B for修饰reduce，成本被政策削减for这帮人，ok；但by要么+doing，要么+纯名词，不接action noun，by one''s cost cuts用法错误，应该是reduce costs by cutting……，
C The government's prediction is 语意不够通顺，应该是government predicts that，另外by cuts用法错误
D for修饰reduce，ok，但句子的主干是政府的预测削减了成本，错误，不是预测削减了成本，是政策削减了成本
E for修饰predict，政府预测某事for这帮人，错误
选B的原因是认为A中 rate cuts reduce xxx不符合逻辑，认为 rate cuts不能reduce
但B中be reduced by sb.离得太远了，而且有修饰make a large number of long-distance calls的歧义
D、E，for consumers...the goverment predicts改变句意，应该是for consumers..reduce costs
C，predictions is...表述繁复，用动词更简洁
B, by用法不当，相距动作太远，会造成歧义
A correct
B的修饰对象会产生错误
(A) 正确，for…指“对…而言”。
(B) cost be reduced by…，被动语态表达不清晰。
(C) 名词prediction不及动词表达更确切;被动语态表达不清晰。
(D) 句子主语是prediction，缺少谓语;介词短语for…修饰对象错误，应该是修饰FCC，而不是the government。
(E) 介词短语for…修饰对象错误，that引导定语从句修饰rate cuts不及直接用’s rate cuts简洁。
b,by会有歧义
c,表语从句缺that
d,prediction will greatly reduce costs, 不对
e,for.. predicts 不对
［注意句意！！！！］
错选了B
（A）正确
（B）reduced和by之前隔太远，by会被误解成修饰call；被动没有A主动来的直接
（C）is that，漏掉了that
（D）for……修饰了prediction，不是为了……而预测，而是为了……而减少
（E）错误同D
C 看完未划线部分 - 变成了prediction是xxx 虽然consumer不认同prediction, 逻辑不通。应该是政府预测xxx, 虽然consumer不认同
并且rate cuts 是没有能力去reduce costs 的，有能力的应该是Commission
把"for costumers..calls."提取出来放在外面，会让整个句子看起来句意更紧凑更便于理解。把主语和谓语动词离开太远容易让读者误解。在不改变句意前提下优选A
错选B
E 【修饰语位置的变化——比较语义】
长得和A很像
介词短语放句首，修饰主句的predict
For consumers and businesses...Government predicts...
意思为了consuers...政府才predicts.
C.表语从句不能省略that，且能用主谓宾的句子the government predicts'，就不要用抽象名词的主系表government's prediction is……
同B，被动没必要
one thing you should definitely notice in choice c is the wordiness of 'the government's prediction is'. constructions like that, which can easily be replaced by more compact forms ('the government predicts') with no change in meaning, are ALWAYS wrong. (also, you need the word 'that' after 'is'.)
D 主句缺谓语
B，被动没必要，且被动的be reduced by sb.离得太远了，有就近修饰calls的歧义！——calls by the Federal Communications Commission's recent telephone rate cuts
the passive voice is indeed a problem, because it's unnecessary. (remember that the passive voice should only be employed when there's a fairly compelling reason to use it.) in choice b especially, there's also an unacceptably long distance between the passive-voice action (will be greatly reduced) and the agent of that action (by the ...).
the passive voice is indeed a problem, because it's unnecessary. (remember that the passive voice should only be employed when there's a fairly compelling reason to use it.) in choice b especially, there's also an unacceptably long distance between the passive-voice action (will be greatly reduced) and the agent of that action (by the ...).
one thing you should definitely notice in choice c is the wordiness of 'the government's prediction is'. constructions like that, which can easily be replaced by more compact forms ('the government predicts') with no change in meaning, are ALWAYS wrong. (also, you need the word 'that' after 'is'.)
Choice A, on the other hand, correctly captures the intended meaning of the sentence: The government is making a general prediction (it's not a prediction aimed at anybody in particular), about the rate cuts that will be experienced by certain individuals.