A，an animal found in the Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, 从省略的语法上来说是可以的，问题还是在于二者表示的状态不一样：前者是分词作定语，表某个动作，后者是定语从句作定语，相当于是把一个句子名词化，表某种状态，动作和状态不能平行，但不同时态、不同语态的动作（现在的、过去的、未来的，主动的、被动的）可以平行。

主句：Lina's sunbird has shimmering metallic colors on its head 成分很完整

【转自RON神】
the core of the sentence is
a bird has colors.

both 'found in the philippines'** and 'resembling a hummingbird' are modifiers. they use somewhat different specific verb forms—but they both modify the same thing, and so they're parallel.

在外网看到的E选项居然不一样。还看了好几个网站。First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.


(A) found in the Philippines and that resembles

(B) found in the Philippines and that, resembling

(C) found in the Philippines and resembling

(D) that is found in the Philippines and it resembles

(E) that is found in the Philippines, resembling

found表被动，resembling表主动，都是修饰animal的，A加了that就不平行了

A. And that没有平行对象
B. 划线部分使得resembling a hummingbird成为插入语，that连接has shimmering metallic colors，这样以来，分号前的分句句子结构不完整，缺少谓语。

C. 正确。
D. that is多余，and it resembles部分it多余

E. that is多余
句子结构：First discovered…, Lina’s sunbird, … animal found… and resembling…, has shimmering…; (句子使用了分号，将长句分隔成了两个相对独立的分句，两分句不存在从属关系，属于同一层次的句子。)

First discovered谓语句首，过去分词修饰有被动的含义，discovered的逻辑宾语即句子的主语Lina’s sunbird. 包括划线部分在内的逗号之间的成分为主语Lina’s sunbird的同位语，found… and resembling…, 过去分词与现在分词两个分词结构平行。
考点:平行对称(Parallelism), 简洁有效(Rhetorical Construction) 划线部分为同位语的修饰成分，过去分词与现在分词分词结构可以平行。过去分词表示被动;现 在分词表一直延续的特性。(相似的过去分词与现在分词平行的用法，读者可以参考OG10-210 题。) 定语从句结构出现 that/who/which be，而去掉后对句子结构不产生任何影响时，应该去掉 that/who/which be，以保持句子的简洁性。

1.句子结构，BE的that让主句没有谓语了。BE错
2.平行，and前后要平行，and后面用that导致跟前面不平行。
而且还有一个问题，如果用that,这个句子就变成了Lina's sunbird，that resembles a hummingbird...
用逗号+that作定语是不正常的用法，要么不要逗号，要么改成Which,要么用动词的分词表示更正常。
ABDE都不太好

the core of the sentence is
“a bird has colors.“
both 'found in the philippines'** and 'resembling a hummingbird' are modifiers. they use somewhat different specific verb forms—but they both modify the same thing, and so they're parallel.

独立主格：
名词开头，加动名词
found in the Philippines and resembling 。。。。and前后结构一致

分词可作为平行元素，所以found和resembling都是bird的modifier

found和resembling都是bird的modifier，构成平行

AC差异：
A：定语和定语从句。
C: 动词过去分词和ing形式也可以并列？

动词过去分词和ing形式也是可以并列的。。。。found and resembling。。。

两个都是分词形式，所以可以

A ，B，E，and that 跟discover，第二个句子没主语
我觉得D也可以，不够简洁？

C，同一个句子里对一个主语可以既有主动动作又有被动动作。
eg.:The shuttle launch took place flawlessly and was seen on television.
found in the Philippines and resembling a hummingbird可以平行

A 不平行结构

A found in ..and that不平行

gmat的规则根据题目而改。。。。。

RON：the core of the sentence is
a bird has colors.

both 'found in the philippines'** and 'resembling a hummingbird' are modifiers. they use somewhat different specific verb forms—but they both modify the same thing, and so they're parallel

RON：the core of the sentence is
a bird has colors.

both 'found in the philippines'** and 'resembling a hummingbird' are modifiers. they use somewhat different specific verb forms—but they both modify the same thing, and so they're parallel.