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题库 / Prep2007E2-CR-58
The proposal to hire ten new police officers in Middletown is quite foolish. There is sufficient funding to pay the salaries of the new officers, but not the salaries of additional court and prison employees to process the increased caseload of arrests and convictions that new officers usually generate.
Which of the following, if true, will most seriously weaken the conclusion drawn above?
Studies have shown that an increase in a city's police force does not necessarily reduce crime.
When one major city increased its police force by 19 percent last year, there were 40 percent more arrests and 13 percent more convictions.
If funding for the new police officers' salaries is approved, support for other city services will have to be reduced during the next fiscal year.
In most United States cities, not all arrests result in convictions, and not all convictions result in prison terms.
Middletown's ratio of police officers to citizens has reached a level at which an increase in the number of officers will have a deterrent effect on crime.
D的错误在用总体推个体，
总体是：大多数美国城市，不是所有的逮捕最后会被定罪，不是所有被定罪的最后会进监狱
个体是：在Middletown这个地方的情况，而这个Middletown可能就是那些少数的美国城市之一。
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E. 正确。说明就算真的增加警察了，不但不会导致逮捕和定罪的数量增加，反而能降低逮捕和定罪数量。D. 无关。“并非所有”即是说“有些还是”，“有些”这类指代范围过于抽象的词，没有代表性。
而且D还错在用总体推个体，
总体是：大多数美国城市，不是所有的逮捕最后会被定罪，不是所有被定罪的最后会进监狱
个体是：在Middletown这个地方的情况，而这个Middletown可能就是那些少数的美国城市之一。
most seriously weaken： 一个选项100%weaken 一个选项分类讨论 其中一个方向weaken 选前者；CQ1 CQ2同等weaken 强度
D：not all arrests result in convictions 100%增加workload of court ，不管是否定罪，都要在法院开庭；not all convictions result in prison terms， 也许是被定罪的人中1%进监狱，99%不进监狱，或者99%进监狱，1%不进监狱，但是同样一定会增加wordload of prison
因果CQ2
deter 威慑；防止
错选D 从整体推个体，一般不能代表个别
要注意范围类错误
A deterrent is something that prevents people from doing something by making them afraid of what will happen to them if they do it.
為什麼選E啊？
錯選了D：不是所有警官逮捕的人都要判罪拘禁。雖然“所有”這個詞並不好。但E：警官達到威懾水平 和 前提：資金不夠法院監獄 無關啊。
因为hire new police officers会对犯罪有威慑作用，犯罪少了，也不需要逮捕判刑入狱，也不需要为court and prison employees多付salary了。果因推理，CQ2，weaken因果联系。
d的错误更多的在于就算不是所有的抓捕会引起判罪，不是最有的判罪对引起入狱，但是抓捕还是会引起一部分的判罪和入狱，还是肯定有additional salaries。
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