Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure, resources, and population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans' first encounters with Native Americans and took many forms: missionaries' field sketches, explorers' drawings, and surveyors' maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers. Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral reports, and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letters, diaries, and official reports; accordingly, the accuracy of these maps is especially dependent on the mapmakers' own interpretive abilities.

Many existing maps also reflect the 150-year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in administering tribal lands. Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned directly from Native Americans, rarely has Native American cartography contributed to this official record, which has been compiled, surveyed, and authenticated by non-Native Americans. Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects the origins of the data, the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in United States government policy and in non-Native Americans' attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans.

第1题 第2题 第3题

The passage suggests which of the following about most existing maps of Native American lands?


They do not record the migrations of Native American tribes.

They have been preserved primarily because of their connection with treaties involving land transfers.

They tend to reflect archaeological evidence that has become outdated.

They tend to be less accurate when they are based on oral reports than when they are based on written documents.

They are not based primarily on the mapmakers' firsthand observations of Native American lands.

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题目分析：

题目释义：

细节题目

考点：

推断（Inference）
旨在考察我们对文章的深度理解，以及逻辑推断能力。

这个题目的定位比较困难，因为整篇文章中都围绕着“existing map”展开。



选项分析：

A选项：它们不记录美国土著移民的信息。定位在第二段“Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features”这句话证明它们记录土著的移民信息。

B选项：它们被维护主要由于它们与土地交换交易的联系。定位在文章的第一句话。作者只提到地图有很多的形式。选项的内容只是其中的一种。文章没有提到这是主要原因。

C选项：它们倾向于反应过时的考古学证据。定位在“Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral reports, and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letters, diaries, and official reports;”文中没有提到这些考古信息是过时的。

D选项：当它们基于口述时并没有基于文档时那样准确。文中没有提到基于口述和文档的准确性区别。它们的准确性都基于绘图者的能力。

E选项：它们没有基于地图制作者对土著土地的第一手观察。正确。定位在“Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral reports, and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letters, diaries, and official reports”。”reconstruction”是重建的意思，这个重建是基于其他地方的证据，说明existing map并不是第一手资料

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Prep2007E2-RC