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题库 / Prep2007E2-SC-105
2001 proved to be the automaker's first losing year since 1992, when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of almost $7 billion in accounting charges.
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, which was primarily because of
when the company had lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, and that was primarily because of
which is when the company lost $7.4 billion, primarily resulting from
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A result from B
AB都必须是名词或者名词词组，不能是句子！所以按照这个原则，成了company result from 。而原本应该是the company had lost $7.4 billion result from才对。
if something results from 'X', then 'X' happens FIRST.
in the structure 'sentence + , + __ing...', the modifier NEVER describes something that happens before the main sentence.
2、*Noun/ noun phrase + resulting from + noun/noun phrase
---> "resulting from" modifies only preceding noun / noun phrase.
3、句子中除了loss没有随后发生的动作时点，用一般现在时。
4、SVO, because of + noun/ noun phrase
----> "because of" can modify the whole clause preceding it. That's why the usage of "because of" can totally convey intended meaning of the sentence.
"had lost", eliminate A
---> "resulting from" modifies only preceding noun / noun phrase.
While according to intended meaning, [the fact that the company lost.....] is the result of "almost $7 billion in accounting charges", the usage of "resulting from" makes us feel as if "the company" is the result instead.---> Intended meaning is changed.
----> "because of" can modify the whole clause preceding it. That's why the usage of "because of" can totally convey intended meaning of the sentence.
you can have it as an adjective modifier, without a comma - as in the following sentence:
the flooding resulting from the abnormally strong storms had left six inches of standing water in the street.
note that the boldface is an adjective modifier, modifying 'flooding'.
if something results from 'X', then 'X' happens FIRST.
in the structure 'sentence + , + __ing...', the modifier NEVER describes something that happens before the main sentence.
the key is that you don't use past perfect unless you have 2 past time markers, the earlier of which has a distinct impact on, or relevance to, the later.