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题库 / Prep2007E2-SC-22
The direction in which the Earth and the other solid planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars—spins were determined from collisions with giant celestial bodies in the early history of the solar system.
spins were determined from
spins were determined because of
spins was determined through
spin was determined by
spin was determined as a result of
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D． 正确。by collisions是逻辑主语（by作介词引导状语时，要考虑这个逻辑主语的情况，是动作的发出者）。还原成主动语态为：collisions determine the direction.
E． as a result of collisions是状语（仅仅是状语没有逻辑主语的感觉），修饰determined。但逻辑上，collisions是决定direction的动作发出者，应该做逻辑主语。所以，此选项有语意错误。
1、主干是the direction...was determined by collisions...；
2、定语从句中的主语是the earth and the other solid planets,谓语动词用复数
3、determine本身就含有as a result的意思 所以两个加起来用语义重复 而且wordy，且这里需要用表原因的表达。
A was determined by B.表示原因，A was a result of B表示原因，二者在一起是fatal redundant。
"determined as a result of" it is every bit as redundant as "annual salary per year" (vis-a-vis just "annual salary" or "salary per year").
E，the direction was determined as a result of collisions
as a result of sth是……的结果，The failure of the company was a direct result of bad management.
不能说作为……的结果被决定