So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are having a positive effect on the environment and natural resource base of countries as varied as China, the Netherlands, and Hungary.
as varied as
as varied as are
as varied as those of
that are as varied as
that are varied as are
when you have a COMPARISON construction such as the one here ("as varied as..."), it must refer to whatever noun, noun phrase, or other type of construction IMMEDIATELY follows.
you cannot ignore intervening words. so if you have "as varied as those of...", then you must regard "those of..." as the object under comparison.
you'll find this rule pleasant, because it replaces difficult thinking with completely mechanical processes.
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