Ozone, a special form of oxygen that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays, reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.
has long appeared that it was immune from
has long appeared to have been immune from
has long appeared as being immune to
had long appeared immune to
had long appeared that it was immune to
时态,have realized 已经发生,所以realize发生在过去,所以前句appear应该是过去的过去had long
appear as thebeing 错
immute to... 不受...影响
immune from... 免除...
"immune from" means free of exempt from (eg. immune from prosecution), whereas "immune to" means not susceptible (eg. immune to chicken pox).
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