In a certain wildlife park, park rangers are able to track the movements of many rhinoceroses because those animals wear radio collars. When, as often happens, a collar slips off, it is put back on. Putting a collar on a rhinoceros involves immobilizing the animal by shooting it with a tranquilizer dart. Female rhinoceroses that have been frequently recollared have significantly lower fertility rates than uncollared females. Probably, therefore, some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?


The dose of tranquilizer delivered by a tranquilizer dart is large enough to give the rangers putting collars on rhinoceroses a generous margin of safety.

The fertility rate of uncollared female rhinoceroses in the park has been increasing in the past few decades.

Any stress that female rhinoceroses may suffer as a result of being immobilized and handled has little or no negative effect on their fertility.

The male rhinoceroses in the wildlife park do not lose their collars as often as the park's female rhinoceroses do.

The tranquilizer used in immobilizing rhinoceroses is the same as the tranquilizer used in working with other large mammals.

考题讲解

情景:现在这个世道,连犀牛都要安装GPS了。但是,犀牛可不像人一样,不可能老实的让你安装GPS,所以管理员们就必须麻醉犀牛。现在的情况是,凡是被经常麻醉的母犀牛的生育率都比较低,所以结论句为:Some substance in the tranquilizer inhibits fertility。

推理:

前提:recollar(注射麻醉剂)和“生育率低”之间存在正相关关系

结论:某种麻醉剂中的物质阻止了犀牛的生育


答案预估:

其它能解释为何“犀牛生育率低”的原因不存在。
“某种麻醉剂中的物质阻止了犀牛的生育”的其它必要条件(常理上能保真推理出的一切结果)。

选项分析:

A选项:麻醉镖所释放的麻醉剂的含量是足够大的以至于给公园的管理员在装犀牛的项圈时有足够的生命保障。本选项没有提及lower fertility rates,并且更没有给出lower fertility rates产生的另外一个原因,可以排除。

B选项:在公园中没装项圈的母犀牛的生育率在近几十年已经上升了很多。本选项讨论的是没装项圈的犀牛的生育率情况,不是推理文段中lower fertility rates的这些犀牛,可以排除。

C选项:Correct. 由于被麻醉而带来的紧张不会给犀牛的生育率带来不好的影响。很明显,紧张可以解释为什么生育率低。紧张不存在自然可以加强推理。

D选项:
 在野生动物园中的公犀牛项圈掉落的频率要远小于母犀牛项圈掉落的频率。本选项没有提及lower fertility rates,并且更没有给出lower fertility rates产生的另外一个原因,可以排除。

E选项:
用来麻醉犀牛的麻醉剂和用来麻醉其他大型动物的麻醉剂相同。本选项没有提及lower fertility rates,并且更没有给出lower fertility rates产生的另外一个原因,可以排除。

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Prep2008E1-CR

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