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题库 / Prep2007E1-RC-2
During the nineteenth century, occupational information about women that was provided by the United States census-a population count conducted each decade-became more detailed and precise in response to social changes. Through 1840, simple enumeration by household mirrored a home-based agricultural economy and hierarchical social order: the head of the household (presumed male or absent) was specified by name, whereas other household members were only indicated by the total number of persons counted in various categories, including occupational categories. Like farms, most enterprises were family-run, so that the census measured economic activity as an attribute of the entire household, rather than of individuals.
The 1850 census, partly responding to antislavery and women's rights movements, initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. Not until 1870 was occupational information analyzed by gender: the census superintendent reported 1.8 million women employed outside the home in "gainful and reputable occupations." In addition, he arbitrarily attributed to each family one woman "keeping house." Overlap between the two groups was not calculated until 1890, when the rapid entry of women into the paid labor force and social issues arising from industrialization were causing women's advocates and women statisticians to press for more thorough and accurate accounting of women's occupations and wages.
Each of the following aspects of nineteenth-century United States censuses is mentioned in the passage EXCEPT the
year in which data on occupations began to be analyzed by gender
year in which specific information began to be collected on individuals in addition to the head of the household
year in which overlap between women employed outside the home and women keeping house was first calculated
way in which the 1890 census measured women's income levels and educational backgrounds
way in which household members were counted in the 1840 census
题目分析：
题目释义：
细节题目
考点：
支持主题（Supporting ideas）
旨在考察我们对文章细节的认知。
因为文中所讨论的年份是1840~1890，都属于19世纪，所以该题目的细节几乎涉及整篇文章。定位比较困难，如果一定要定位，可以定位在第一句以后的整篇文章。注意题目问的是“except”
选项分析：
A选项：职业数据开始被按性别来分析的年份。原文第二段找到此句“Not until 1870 was occupational information analyzed by gender:”。
B选项：除掉每个家庭的首脑的具体信息外开始编写每个人的具体信息的年份。原文第二段第一句“The 1850 census initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. ”。
C选项：第一次计算两类人（在家的女人和在外工作的女人）重叠部分信息的年份。因为“census superintendent”是任意指定的一名在家的女人，所以很有可能这个女人其实是在外工作的，所以这两类人有重叠部分。原文第二段找到此句“Overlap between the two groups was not calculated until 1890”。（PS. 感谢的抓抓友情提醒，overlap属于抽象动词，往往作为”可能考点”出现, 阅读时应该注意此类词。）
D选项：Correct。1890年人口普查测定收入和教育背景的方法。原文中没有提到测定收入一说（最后一句的wage只是说明了要求精确计算，没有提及如何计算），更没有提到教育背景。
E选项：1840年的普查计算家庭成员的方法。原文第一段第二句解释了计算的方法（simple enumeration）。第三句还有个例子。（ps. glhelr友情提醒，Gmat语法中举例时不可以用“like”喔~）
The 1850 census initiated the collection of specific information about each individual in a household. 可是这句话没有提到除去首脑啊
原文没有提及教育背景，最后一句说了wage也是精准计算工资并没有说测定收入，但是B我没看懂，题目中说的是每个individuals没有说in addition to head of the household，这个是从哪来的
细节题，回到原文定位
直接细节题：
choice d,way in which the 1890 census measured women's income levels and educational backgrounds。人口调查统计女性背景和教育背景的方式
定位1890时间点，发生的两件事1）每个家庭一个在家女性的人数，和职业女性两组之间的一个overlap重叠被正式计算出来；2）女性期待更精确的数据关于收入和职业
因此没有提及收入和职业的数据用什么方式去收集
occupation工作
更没有提到教育背景。
PS. 感谢的抓抓友情提醒，overlap属于抽象动词，往往作为”可能考点”出现, 阅读时应该注意此类词。）
因为文中所讨论的年份是1840~1890，都属于19世纪，所以该题目的细节几乎涉及整篇文章。定位比较困难，如果一定要定位，可以定位在第一句以后的整篇文章。注意题目问的是“except”