Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are
Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
题目分析:
本题的原句有点长,其实主干很简单,去掉长长的插入语having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,主干为:
Neuroscientists are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows.
选项分析:
A选项:Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
B选项:and是连词,需要连接两个句子。但在本选项中,and身前的句子没有谓语动词。
C选项:and身前的句子没有谓语动词错误同(B)。
D选项:划线部分身后的now drawing是伴随状语,本选项在语法上是没有错误的。但是,依据图形背景原则,相对于“下结论”来说,“积攒知识”的持续时间必然更长,其是“下结论”这个事件的背景。因此,draw应为主句,amass应为从句(伴随状语)。
E选项:本选项错误同(D)。
插入语为"having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood", 主干为:
Neuroscientists are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows.
D选项:划线部分身后的now drawing是伴随状语,本选项在语法上是没有错误的。但是,依据【图形背景原则】,相对于“下结论”来说,“积攒知识”的持续时间必然更长,其是“下结论”这个事件的背景。因此,draw应为主句,amass应为从句(伴随状语)。
举个简单的例子。
我们会说
The bike is near the house.
但很少说
the house is near the bike.
在这个句子中,我们用near分离了自行车和房子。这就被称为图形背景分离。其次,因为house是更大的、静止的事物,更容易作为参考,而bike更小,我们就把bike当做图形,而把house当做背景。
GMAT考试通常用主从句来考查考生对于图形背景理论的理解。顾名思义,语言使用者肯定要将主句作为“图形”来凸显,用从句来交代“背景”情况。依上述描述可知,图形更小,背景更大。那么,两个句子怎样比较大小呢?其实很简单,由于句子讲的一般都是一个事件,而事件最重要的是时间属性,所以,在【时间轴上持续时间长】的事件必然是更大的事件,即,背景事件;在【时间轴上持续时间短】的事件必然是更小的事件,即,图形事件。
因此,从句(或者分词短语等非谓语动词引导的短语)需要在时间上延续的更长,主句需要在时间上延续的更短。例如:
(1) Studying Chinese, people felt hard.
(2) **Feeling hard, people studied Chinese.
句(1)是正确的,这是因为,我们肯定是在学习中文的过程中感觉到困难的,所以“学习中文”这件事显然延续的时间更长,应作为背景(从句);“感觉困难”延续的时间相对更短,应作为图形(主句)。句(2)是错误的。
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