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题库 / Prep2008E1-SC-209
In Scotland, the number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish's habitat.
number of wild salmon have been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,
number of wild salmon is reduced because deep-sea and coastal netting is not controlled,
numbers of wild salmon has been reduced because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,
wild salmon's numbers are reduced by deep-sea and coastal netting that is not controlled,
wild salmon's numbers have been reduced by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,
题目分析：
有两个习惯表达需积累，the number of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数；a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
选项分析：
A选项：have been reduced需改为has been reduced，与主语number of wild salmon保持主谓一致；because of uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting需改为by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting。这是因为，A, B, and C需要保证A，B，C三者平行。
B选项：A, B, and C平行错误同选项(A)。
C选项：A, B, and C平行错误同选项(A)；the numbers of错误，只有the number of和numbers of；and平行错误同(A)。
D选项：一般现在时are reduced需改为现在完成时have reduced。一般现在时表示的是客观真理和事实，而显然这件事并非“真理”，仅仅是到现在为止的情况。
E选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。
gmat770小黄老师：关于D选项，that is not controlled不如正确选项uncontrolled简洁。原句用have been reduced表示“已经被减少”，这是符合逻辑的含义，不宜删除原句中符合逻辑的语义，但是are reduced减少了原句中“已经”的含义。这样的删除语义是不好的。
the number of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数；a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
后面是一个平行关系!，by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting, by pollution, and by various other threats to the fish's habitat.
D选项：the present tense (e.g., "are reduced") is used for 2 things:
1/ GENERALITIES that are true regardless of the timeframe (Blood flows through veins and arteries)
2/ STATES or CONDITIONS (NOT events or actions!) that are true AT PRESENT (I am happy)
this present tense CANNOT be used for EVENTS or ACTIONS. if an event is happening right now, then you use "is/are __ing". (The factory is operating at reduced capacity because its machines are undergoing routine maintenance.)
__
in general, it's a good idea to consider only MAJOR verb-tense issues. you absolutely will NOT need SUBTLE verb-tense differences to solve the problems.
this difference is pretty plain—"are reduced" is written in a tense that can NEVER be used for something like that (a single instance; an event). that's not "subtle".
错选B：没有顾忌到后面未划线部分：by pollution，by。。。，所以前面要有by
D：“一般现在时are reduced需改为现在完成时have reduced。一般现在时表示的是客观真理和事实，而显然这件事并非“真理”，仅仅是到现在为止的情况。”
主谓一致原则
the number of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数；a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
简单题！错！
错选b
考察：
。。的数量，the number of +谓语动词单数，A's numbers+谓语动词复数；；；平行！！
前：the number of +谓语动词单数，A's numbers+谓语动词复数
后：与未画线部分构成平行：by。。，by。。，and by。。！这一点没有注意看出来，目光没有到未画线后半部分，而这部分往往十分重要。
Choice D: 一般现在时are reduced需改为现在完成时have reduced。一般现在时表示的是客观真理和事实，而显然这件事并非“真理”，仅仅是到现在为止的情况。而且if you can say "uncontrolled coastal netting", why would you say "coastal netting that is uncontrolled" to make it wordy
后面by by 并列
这道题考的是by...by...and by...三者的平行
m
by uncontrolled deep-sea and coastal netting,
平行， by
。。的数量“的说法：
their numbers are。。。。的数量。。
the number of them is
D的错误是不平行，语义产生分歧.It gives the impression that coastal netting is not controlled by pollution, and by various other threats rather than salmon.
d要注意，不要随便改时态
D & E 无成分差异，只是时态差别
DE时态区别
根据主从句的主谓一致问题可以排除ABCD
the 是否也要有底線呢？要不然是否the wild salmon's numbers 後面應該用has?
有两个习惯表达需积累，the number of+复数名词，谓语动词用单数；a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
D 一般现在时表真理，that is not controlled不简洁