Most of Western music since the Renaissance has been based on a seven-note scale known as the diatonic scale, but when did the scale originate? A fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite has four holes, which are spaced in exactly the right way for playing the third through sixth notes of a diatonic scale. The entire flute must surely have had more holes, and the flute was made from a bone that was long enough for these additional holes to have allowed a complete diatonic scale to be played. Therefore, the Neanderthals who made the flute probably used a diatonic musical scale.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?


The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second is the main conclusion stated in the argument.

The first introduces evidence to support the main conclusion of the argument; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.

The first describes a discovery as undermining the position against which the argument as a whole is directed; the second states the main conclusion of the argument.

The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second presents a position to which the argument is opposed.

The first introduces the phenomenon that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives a reason to rule out one possible explanation.

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考题讲解

情景：一个残缺的长笛（flute）有四个孔，这四个孔可以吹出第三到第六的音阶（note）。并且制作这种长笛的骨头是足够长的以至于完整的骨头可以多打几个孔来演奏完整的音阶（全音阶）。所以，制作这种长笛的人很可能是演奏全音阶的人。

推理：第一个黑体字描述了一个现象，这个现象在论证的最后探求了原因。 第二个黑体字给出了这个现象产生的原因，也就是整个论证的立场。

选题方式：略

选项分析：

A选项：Correct. 第一个黑体字介绍了支持论证主结论的证据；第二个黑体字是论证的主结论。

B选项：第一个黑体字介绍了支持论证主结论的证据；第二个黑体字表达了论证反驳的一个立场。第二个黑体字所表达的立场是论证同意的立场。

C选项：第一个黑体字把一个发现描述为了一个削弱论证支持的立场的内容；第二个黑体字是论证的主结论。第一个黑体字是第二个黑体字的前提，也就是论证主结论的前提。

D选项：第一个黑体字描述了一个论证试图去找到解释的现象；第二个黑体字表达了论证反驳的立场。第二个黑体字所表达的立场是论证同意的立场。


E选项：第一个黑体字描述了一个论证试图去找到解释的现象；第二个黑体字给出了删除一个可能的原因的理由。第二个黑体字所表达的立场是论证同意的立场。

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Prep2008E2-CR
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